Table 4.
Multivariate logistic regression analyses for moderate to severe depressive and anxiety symptom levels
| ß | SE | OR (95% CI) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Moderate/severe anxiety symptoms a | ||||
| Family caregiver’s gender | ||||
| Male | Ref. | |||
| Female | .926 | .392 | 2.525 (1.171–5.445) | .018 |
| Relationship to the patient | ||||
| Spouse/partner | .998 | .395 | 2.714 (1.251–5.890) | .012 |
| Other | Ref. | |||
| Family caregiver’s exhaustion | ||||
| Yes | 2.329 | .582 | 10.267 (3.284–32.099) | <.001 |
| No | Ref. | |||
| Palliative care outcome (IPOS) - Total score | .081 | .027 | 1.084 (1.303–1.147) | .003 |
| Moderate/severe depressive symptoms b | ||||
| Family caregiver’s gender | ||||
| Male | Ref. | |||
| female | 1.195 | .428 | 3.302 (1.429–7.634) | .005 |
| Socio-economic status | ||||
| Low | 1.913 | .589 | 6.772 (2.134–21.493) | .001 |
| Middle | .196 | .427 | 1.217 (.527–2.811) | .646 |
| High | Ref. | |||
| Social support | ||||
| Poor/moderate | .688 | .397 | 1.989 (.914–4.327) | .083 |
| Strong | Ref. | |||
| Care situation prior admission to SIPC ward | ||||
| At home | −.920 | .390 | .399 (.186–.856) | .018 |
| Other | Ref. | |||
| Family caregiver’s exhaustion | ||||
| Yes | 1.121 | .561 | 3.068 (1.022–9.206) | .046 |
| No | Ref. | |||
| Family caregiver’s sleep disturbances | ||||
| Yes | 1.431 | .510 | 4.183 (1.541–11.358) | .005 |
| No | Ref. | |||
| Palliative care outcome (IPOS) - Total score | .095 | 1.524 | 1.100 (1.039–1.164) | .001 |
Abbreviations: ß unstandardized regression coefficient, SE standard error, OR odds ratio for independent variables, CI 95% confidence interval, p probability of type I error, Ref. Reference group, SIPC specialist inpatient palliative care, IPOS Integrated Palliative Care Outcome Scale
aReference group: none to mild anxiety symptoms (GAD-7 < 10); due to missing values, 168 out of 232 family caregivers were included into the final regression model; potentially associated factors included in the regression model at step 1: gender, household net income, relationship to the patient, social support, exhaustion, sleep disturbances, IPOS total score; tolerance values between .790 and .976
bReference group: none to mild depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 < 10); due to missing values, 174 out of 232 family caregivers were included into the final regression model; potentially associated factors included in the regression model at step 1: age groups, gender, socio-economic status, social support, care situation prior admission to SIPC ward, exhaustion, sleep disturbances, IPOS total score; tolerance values between .769 and .971
Factors significantly associated with the outcome variable are marked in bold