Table 2.
Outcomes of patients with severe sepsis and septic shock according to the time to antibiotics
| Time to antibiotic use (min) | p value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0–60 | 61–120 | 121–180 | 181–240 | 241–360 | 361–1440 | ||
| Crude in-hospital mortality among all patients, n/total (%), n = 1124 | 96/343 (28.0) | 66/327 (20.2) | 35/161 (21.7) | 19/94 (20.2) | 26/103 (25.2) | 21/96 (21.9) | 0.219 |
| Crude in-hospital mortality among patients with septic shock, n/total (%), n = 703 | 68/215 (31.6) | 47/207 (22.7) | 27/94 (28.7) | 16/61 (26.2) | 21/69 (30.4) | 16/57 (28.1) | 0.466 |
| Crude in-hospital mortality among patients from ED, n/total (%), n = 631 | 61/210 (29.1) | 36/194 (18.6) | 14/94 (14.9) | 8/45 (17.8) | 15/56 (26.8) | 4/32 (12.5) | 0.022 |
| Adjusted in-hospital mortality among all patients (95% CI)a, n = 949 | 28.7 (23.3–34.1)* | 21.6 (16.5–26.6)* | 23.2 (16.4–30.0) | 20.4 (12.1–28.7) | 20.5 (12.6–28.5) | 21.1 (12.5–29.7) | |
| Adjusted in-hospital mortality among patients with septic shock (95% CI)a, n = 615 | 30.0 (23.5–36.5) | 22.3 (16.1–28.5) | 28.5 (19.3–37.6) | 27.4 (15.9–38.9) | 25.1 (15.2–35.1) | 21.6 (11.1–32.0) | |
| Adjusted in-hospital mortality among patients from ED (95% CI)a, n = 503 | 27.9 (21.1–34.6)* | 18.4 (12.2–24.5)* | 17.8 (9.3–26.2) | 17.2 (5.4–28.9) | 24.1 (12.2–36.0) | 12.8 (5.7–25.0) | |
| Crude 28-day mortality, n/total (%), n = 1112 | 75/338 (22.2) | 55/325 (16.9) | 26/159 (16.4) | 15/92 (16.3) | 22/103 (21.4) | 17/95 (17.9) | 0.445 |
| ICU-free days, median (IQR), n = 902 | 20 (12–24) | 20 (13–24) | 20 (9–23) | 18 (6–24) | 18 (10–24) | 19 (1023) | 0.3522 |
| Ventilator-free days | 21 (0–28) | 21 (8–28) | 22 (0–28) | 20 (0–27) | 21 (0–27) | 20 (0–28) | 0.3947 |
| Length of hospital stay | 26 (13–46) | 22 (11–43) | 26 (13–49) | 21 (13–38) | 25 (12–54) | 29 (13–48) | 0.4827 |
ED emergency department, CI confidence interval, ICU intensive care unit, IQR interquartile range
*< 0.05
aAdjusted by age, gender, admission source (emergency department, ward, or in intensive care unit), CCI, antibiotic use before arrival, site of infection (e.g., lung, abdomen, urinary tract, soft tissue, central nerve system, or blood stream-related), SOFA score, and intravenous fluid bolus completed within 3 h (30 mg/kg crystalloid)