Table 2.

Microparticles in blood and other biological fluids in inflammatory joint diseases.

Disease	Microparticles	References
RA	Increased number of PMPs in peripheral blood and synovial fluid in RA	[8,49,50,51]
RA	Increased number of circulating MPs exposing complement components in early RA	[51]
RA	Increased number of monocyte-, B-cell-, T-cell-, platelet-derived MPs in high disease activity in RA	[51,52]
RA	Monocyte-derived MPs present in a much larger amount in synovial fluid than in plasma in RA	[53]
RA	Significantly increased number of granulocyte-derived MPs in synovial fluid in the RA patients with aCCP antibodies	[54]
RA	Increased number of MPs with CD3, CD14, and CD19 antigens in the urine of RA patients with high disease activity	[52]
JIA	Increased number of PMPs in synovial fluid in JIA compared to osteoarthritis	[8]
JIA	Much higher number of PMPs in synovial fluid in active JIA than in serum	[55]
PsA	Increased number of circulating PMPs and EMPs in PsA	[47]
PsA	Increased number of PMPs in synovial fluid in PsA	[8]
AS	Decrease in the number of MPMs and EMPs during the anti-TNFα treatment in AS	[56]
AS	No differences in the number of MPs between AS patients and healthy control, but significantly higher expression of CD4, CD62, CD14 and lower expression of CD41 in the MPs surface in AS	[57]

aCCP—anti cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies; AS—ankylosing spondylitis; CD—cluster of differentiation; MPMs—monocyte-derived microparticles; PMPs—platelet-derived microparticles; PsA—psoriatic arthritis; RA—rheumatoid arthritis; JIA—juvenile idiopathic arthritis.