Table 1.
Primary metabolic markers and pathways involved in clinical acute plateau hypoxia.
| Sample | Metabolic markers (changed compared with normal controls) | Metabolic pathways |
|---|---|---|
| Human plasma | Pentyl carnitine, octanoyl carnitine, decenyl carnitine, oleoyl carnitine, octadecenyl carnitine, linoleamide, palmitic amide (increased) | Fatty acid metabolism25,27 |
| Glutamic acid, methionine, glyceric acid, pyroglutamic acid, phenylpyruvic acid, phenylalanine, valine, leucine, cysteinylglycine, citrate, tyrosine, L-histidine, 1-methylhistidine, histamine, betaine, lysine, isoleucine, glycine, glutamine (increased); L-glutamine, L-glutamic acid, succinic acid, creatine, taurine, 3-indoleacetic acid, 2-oxobutyric acid (decreased) | Amino acid metabolism15,16,25,28 | |
| LysoPC (16:0), LysoPC (22:4), LysoPC (P18:0), LysoPC (38:5), LysoPC (20:2), LysoPC (38:5) (elevated); LysoPC (18:2), LysoPC (20:3), LysoPC (22:5) (decreased) | Phospholipid metabolism15,25,27 | |
| Sphingosine, sphingomyelin 1-phosphate, sphingomyelin (d18:1/16:0), palmitoylcarnitine, C8-ceramide (elevated) | Sphingolipid metabolism15,25,27 | |
| Bilirubin (elevated) | Heme metabolism25 | |
| Chenodeoxycholate-3-sulfuric acid, taurine ursodeoxycholic acid (increased) | Bile acid metabolism25 | |
| Lactic acid, succinic acid, D-arabitol,3-hydroxybutyric acid (increased); citric acid, α-glucose, β-glucose (decreased) | Glucose metabolism15,21,25 | |
| Hypoxanthine, inosine (elevated) | Purine metabolism27 | |
| Human urine | 1-Methyladenosine, 5-methylthioadenosine, cytosine, xanthine, hypoxanthine, uric acid (increased) 3-inodoleacetic acid, L-glutamic (decreased) | Purine metabolism24 |
| L-Carnitine, propionyl carnitine, butyryl carnitine, decanoyl carnitine (increased) | Carnitine metabolism24 |
LysoPC, lysophosphatidylcholine.