Table 4.
Secondary Outcomes at 4 Months: Child and Parent Other Health Outcomes
| Intervention (n = 59) | Control (n = 58) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Secondary outcome | No. with data (%) | Mean | SD | No. with data (%) | Mean | SD | Adjusted difference or incidence rate ratioa | 95% CI | p |
| Child active days per week | 55 | 2.00 | 2.60 | 55 | 1.62 | 2.63 | 1.02 | 0.54 to 1.90 | >0.9 |
| Parent BMI (kg/m2) | 50 | 30.44 | 5.86 | 49 | 31.57 | 6.72 | −0.02 | −0.36 to 0.33 | 0.9 |
| Parent diet practices | 55 | 5.04 | 4.09 | 54 | 5.22 | 4.02 | −0.80 | −2.13 to 0.53 | 0.2 |
| Parent active days per week | 56 | 1.73 | 2.12 | 55 | 1.05 | 1.78 | 1.62 | 0.94 to 2.79 | 0.08 |
| Parent MVPA per week (minutes) | 53 | 114.68 | 160.09 | 54 | 59.61 | 106.24 | 1.82 | 0.92 to 3.63 | 0.09 |
| Parent MVPA+walking per week (minutes) | 52 | 187.92 | 206.01 | 54 | 109.98 | 134.78 | 1.99 | 1.16 to 3.42 | 0.01 |
| Parent self-efficacy for child health behaviors | |||||||||
| Avoid sugary drinks | 56 | 11.96 | 4.46 | 55 | 10.11 | 3.79 | 2.24 | 0.70 to 3.77 | 0.005 |
| Avoid fruit juice | 56 | 11.41 | 4.70 | 54 | 9.59 | 3.49 | 1.59 | 0.05 to 3.13 | 0.04 |
| Encourage physical activity | 56 | 11.45 | 4.04 | 55 | 9.67 | 3.06 | 2.00 | 0.74 to 3.25 | 0.002 |
| Encourage fruits and vegetables | 55 | 11.53 | 4.01 | 55 | 9.69 | 2.76 | 1.71 | 0.47 to 2.95 | 0.007 |
| PPAPP scale encourage | |||||||||
| Engagement | 56 | 53.79 | 12.66 | 54 | 49.52 | 13.06 | 6.14 | 1.61 to 10.68 | 0.009 |
| Lack money for sports (reverse coded) | 56 | 4.05 | 1.55 | 55 | 4.04 | 1.67 | 0.04 | −0.57 to 0.64 | 0.9 |
| Outdoor toys | 56 | 4.23 | 1.43 | 55 | 4.47 | 1.09 | −0.09 | −0.57 to 0.39 | 0.7 |
| PPAPP scale discourage | |||||||||
| Promote screen time | 55 | 5.85 | 2.63 | 55 | 5.15 | 2.59 | 0.16 | −0.74 to 1.05 | 0.7 |
| Promote inactivity | 56 | 4.41 | 1.88 | 54 | 5.00 | 2.36 | −0.22 | −0.94 to 0.50 | 0.5 |
| Psychological control | 56 | 8.59 | 2.89 | 55 | 9.98 | 3.96 | −1.24 | −2.35 to −0.13 | 0.03 |
| Restriction for safety concern | 56 | 13.00 | 5.37 | 55 | 12.87 | 5.36 | 0.18 | −1.67 to 2.04 | 0.8 |
a
Child active days per week adjusted differences are negative binomial regression model estimates adjusting for baseline outcome value, child gender, child age at baseline, and parent education. Parent active days per week, MVPA, and MVPA+walking incidence rate ratios are negative binomial regression model estimates adjusting for baseline outcome value, parent age at baseline, and parent education. All other secondary outcome adjusted differences are linear regression model estimates adjusting for baseline outcome value, parent age at baseline, and parent education.
MVPA, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity; PPAPP, Preschooler Physical Activity Parenting Practices.