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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Nov 19.
Published in final edited form as: Semin Hematol. 2011 Jan;48(1):55–65. doi: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2010.11.001

Table 2.

Studies Examining Bisphosphonates in Patients With MGUS, SMM, or Early MM

Study Study Design Bisphosphonate No. of Patients Results
Musto et al68 (2008) Prospective, phase III, randomized,placebo control Zoledronic acid 4 mg monthly x1 year 163 SMM Decreased skeletal-related events at progression.No change in natural history.
Berenson et al69 (2008) ASH abstract Prospective, single arm Zoledronic acid 4 mg at months 0, 6, 12 58 MGUS Increased bone density at 1 year.
Musto et al70 (2003) Prospective, randomized,placebo control Pamidronate 60 mg monthly x1 year 66 stage IA Durie-Salmon MM
24 Stage IIA Durie- Salmon MM		 Decreased skeletal-related events in treatment arm. No change in progression.
Musto et al71 (2003) Prospective, historical control Pamidronate 60 mg monthly x1 year then every 3 mo until progression 43 Stage IA Durie-Salmon MM or SMM No change in rates of disease progression or time to progression.Decreased skeletal-related events in treatment arm.
Martin et al72 (2002) Prospective, single arm Pamidronate 60–90 mg monthly x1 year 12 SMM Increased bone density at 1 year.

Abbreviations: MM, multiple myeloma; SMM, smoldering multiple myeloma; MGUS, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance.