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. 2019 Nov 12;10:2654. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02654

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Copyright © 2019 Pearson, Tai, Ekanayake-Alper, Peng, Hu, Hager, Compton, Wong, Smith and Wen.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Norovirus infection expands Tregs and reduces inflammatory T cells. The number (A) and proportion (B) of CD4+FoxP3+ T cells were investigated from the spleen, pancreatic lymph node (PLN), mesenteric lymph node (MLN), and Peyer's patches (PP) of norovirus-free and norovirus-infected NOD mice. Tregs were gated on live single TCRbeta+CD4+CD8- T cells prior to FoxP3 gating. (C) Cells were stimulated for 4-h in the presence of PMA, Ionomycin, and Golgi Plug prior to surface and intracellular staining. IFNγ-secreting CD4 T cells were gated from live, single TCRbeta+CD4+CD8- T cells prior to gating on IFNγ. (D) The proportion of CD69+ CD8 T cells gated from live single TCRbeta+CD8+CD4- T cells prior to gating on CD69. Data were analyzed for significance using a Student's T-test. ^*P < 0.05, ^***P < 0.001. Data represents pooled data from two independent experiments; n = 9–11 mice.