Table 2.
Biofilm Formation, Biofilm Forming Capacity At Different Temperatures, Growth Media, And Antibiotic Susceptibility Of Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates
| Isolate ID | Source | Biofilm-Forming Capacity OD570 nm | Congo Red | Antibiotic Sucsceptibility | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EAOB | TSB | ||||||||||
| 26°C | 30°C | 37°C | 26°C | 30°C | 37°C | 37°C | IMP | MEM | CIP | ||
| Media | - | 0.05±0.00 | 0.06±0.01 | 0.08±0.01 | 0.07±0.01 | 0.12±0.02 | 0.13±0.01 | ||||
| ATCC 19606 | + | 0.21±0.03 | 0.22±0.02 | 0.22±0.03 | 0.25±0.01 | 0.21±0.02 | 0.16±0.04 | S | S | I | |
| FA008 | Final effluent | 0.27±0.00 | 0.26±0.00 | 0.28±0.01 | 0.30±0.00 | 0.26±0.02 | 0.25±0.02 | Black | R | R | R |
| PL482 | Pathology lab | 0.25±0.02 | 0.27±0.01 | 0.21±0.00 | 0.26±0.01 | 0.25±0.04 | 0.25±0.03 | Brown | R | R | R |
| MW422 | Mainward | 0.22±0.01 | 0.21±0.01 | 0.15±0.01 | 0.25±0.00 | 0.22±0.01 | 0.14±0.02 | Red | R | R | R |
| PL450 | Pathology lab | 0.21±0.01 | 0.23±0.01 | 0.21±0.02 | 0.28±0.00 | 0.27±0.01 | 0.19±0.04 | Brown | R | R | R |
| FA007 | Final effluent | 0.27±0.00 | 0.28±0.01 | 0.30±0.01 | 0.29±0.00 | 0.25±0.02 | 0.25±0.02 | Black | R | R | R |
| PL476 | Pathology lab | 0.20±0.02 | 0.21±0.02 | 0.20±0.00 | 0.28±0.00 | 0.27±0.00 | 0.18±0.01 | Brown | R | R | R |
| MW181 | Mainward | 0.25±0.01 | 0.25±0.00 | 0.31±0.00 | 0.30±0.00 | 0.27±0.00 | 0.21±0.04 | Brown | I | R | R |
| MW186 | Mainward | 0.29±0.04 | 0.28±0.00 | 0.30±0.01 | 0.27±0.01 | 0.29±0.01 | 0.20±0.03 | Brown | R | R | S |
| FA108 | Final effluent | 0.21±0.01 | 0.22±0.01 | 0.23±0.05 | 0.30±0.03 | 0.25±0.03 | 0.23±0.02 | Brown | R | R | R |
| FA113 | Final effluent | 0.29±0.01 | 0.28±0.00 | 0.21±0.05 | 0.28±0.00 | 0.23±0.04 | 0.25±0.01 | Brown | R | R | R |
| MW419 | Mainward | 0.23±0.02 | 0.23±0.00 | 0.22±0.01 | 0.27±0.01 | 0.22±0.01 | 0.18±0.02 | Red | R | R | R |
| FG148 | Final effluent | 0.24±0.01 | 0.20±0.11 | 0.22±0.01 | 0.25±0.02 | 0.13±0.06 | 0.16±0.02 | Red | R | S | S |
| FG359 | Final effluent | 0.22±0.01 | 0.25±0.04 | 0.26±0.02 | 0.28±0.00 | 0.27±0.01 | 0.18±0.03 | Brown | R | S | S |
| FA38 | Final effluent | 0.28±0.02 | 0.24±0.01 | 0.23±0.01 | 0.27±0.01 | 0.25±0.06 | 0.28±0.01 | Brown | R | S | S |
| PL470 | Pathology lab | 0.18±0.01 | 0.21±0.00 | 0.19±0.02 | 0.27±0.00 | 0.25±0.01 | 0.15±0.01 | Red | R | R | I |
| FA68 | Final effluent | 0.19±0.02 | 0.18±0.04 | 0.22v0.01 | 0.29±0.01 | 0.27±0.00 | 0.25±0.01 | Brown | R | R | R |
| FA001 | Final effluent | 0.24±0.01 | 0.22±0.01 | 0.31±0.00 | 0.28±0.01 | 0.26±0.01 | 0.25±0.01 | Black | R | I | S |
| FG377 | Final effluent | 0.29±0.00 | 0.29±0.00 | 0.25±0.01 | 0.29±0.00 | 0.27±0.01 | 0.25±0.03 | Red | R | R | S |
| FG127 | Final effluent | 0.11±0.02 | 0.14±0.03 | 0.14±0.02 | 0.29±0.01 | 0.27±0.00 | 0.21±0.00 | Red | R | R | R |
| PL520 | Final effluent | 0.12±0.00 | 0.12±0.02 | 0.13±0.01 | 0.28±0.01 | 0.27±0.01 | 0.19±0.01 | Red | R | R | R |
| FA56 | Final effluent | 0.25±0.01 | 0.27±0.01 | 0.21±0.02 | 0.26±0.01 | 0.22±0.00 | 0.27±0.01 | Black | R | R | R |
| PL517 | Pathology lab | 0.11±0.01 | 0.10±0.00 | 0.14±0.01 | 0.29±0.01 | 0.27±0.01 | 0.16±0.02 | Brown | R | R | S |
| MW440 | Mainward | 0.19±0.03 | 0.16±0.09 | 0.11±0.03 | 0.28±0.01 | 0.24±0.02 | 0.13±0.01 | Red | R | S | S |
| FA009 | Final effluent | 0.27±0.01 | 0.27±0.01 | 0.30±0.00 | 0.30±0.00 | 0.28±0.01 | 0.27±0.01 | Black | R | R | R |
| MW187 | Mainward | 0.24±0.00 | 0.25±0.02 | 0.25±0.01 | 0.29±0.00 | 0.27±0.00 | 0.22±0.02 | Brown | R | I | S |
| FG361 | Final effluent | 0.31±0.09 | 0.25±0.01 | 0.23±0.00 | 0.28±0.00 | 0.23±0.01 | 0.23±0.01 | Brown | R | R | I |
| PL480 | Final effluent | 0.19±0.01 | 0.18±0.03 | 0.24±0.02 | 0.27±0.00 | 0.24±0.02 | 0.23±0.00 | Red | R | R | I |
| PL467 | Pathology lab | 0.24±0.00 | 0.25±0.02 | 0.25±0.01 | 0.29±0.00 | 0.27±0.00 | 0.22±0.02 | Red | R | R | R |
| PL530 | Pathology lab | 0.22±0.01 | 0.24±0.01 | 0.22±0.01 | 0.27±0.01 | 0.25±0.00 | 0.21±0.02 | Red | R | S | S |
| FA42 | Final effluent | 0.21±0.00 | 0.24±0.01 | 0.28±0.01 | 0.29±0.00 | 0.25±0.03 | 0.22±0.01 | Brown | R | I | R |
| PL448 | Final effluent | 0.13±0.01 | 0.10±0.00 | 0.15±0.01 | 0.26±0.01 | 0.25±0.00 | 0.09±0.00 | Red | R | I | I |
| FA30 | Final effluent | 0.17±0.02 | 0.22±0.01 | 0.22±0.04 | 0.27±0.01 | 0.22±0.01 | 0.27±0.01 | Brown | R | R | R |
| FA41 | Final effluent | 0.22±0.04 | 0.17±0.02 | 0.22±0.02 | 0.28±0.01 | 0.25±0.01 | 0.28±0.01 | Brown | R | I | I |
| FA89 | Final effluent | 0.23±0.03 | 0.24±0.01 | 0.29±0.01 | 0.29±0.00 | 0.25±0.01 | 0.23±0.00 | Black | R | I | S |
| FA99 | Final effluent | 0.24±0.01 | 0.25±0.01 | 0.29±0.02 | 0.28±0.01 | 0.19±0.01 | 0.17±0.01 | Red | R | R | S |
| PL460 | Pathology lab | 0.19±0.01 | 0.17±0.01 | 0.15±0.01 | 0.24±0.01 | 0.22±0.00 | 0.21±0.02 | Red | R | I | S |
| MW420 | Mainward | 0.19±0.02 | 0.23±0.01 | 0.21±0.01 | 0.30±0.00 | 0.23±0.01 | 0.21±0.02 | Red | R | S | S |
| FA88 | Final effluent | 0.16±0.00 | 0.17±0.05 | 0.20±0.03 | 0.29±0.01 | 0.23±0.00 | 0.10±0.02 | Red | R | I | I |
| MW184 | Mainward | 0.14±0.01 | 0.13±0.04 | 0.16±0.01 | 0.30±0.00 | 0.27±0.01 | 0.19±0.01 | Brown | R | I | S |
| FA29 | Final effluent | 0.18±0.03 | 0.25±0.01 | 0.20±0.01 | 0.29±0.00 | 0.25±0.02 | 0.24±0.03 | Brown | R | R | I |
| PL494 | Pathology lab | 0.19±0.00 | 0.21±0.01 | 0.29±0.01 | 0.29±0.00 | 0.29±0.01 | 0.31±0.01 | Black | R | S | S |
| PL466 | Pathology lab | 0.16±0.01 | 0.18±0.01 | 0.16±0.03 | 0.27±0.01 | 0.24±0.02 | 0.22±0.01 | Red | R | R | I |
| FA34 | Final effluent | 0.22±0.01 | 0.25±0.02 | 0.24±0.01 | 0.30±0.01 | 0.26±0.01 | 0.26±0.10 | Black | R | R | R |
| MW416 | Mainward | 0.22±0.01 | 0.21±0.03 | 0.18±0.02 | 0.22±0.02 | 0.20±0.01 | 01.9±0.03 | Brown | R | I | I |
| MW447 | Mainward | 0.18±0.01 | 0.14±0.00 | 0.17±0.05 | 0.26±0.01 | 0.26±0.01 | 016±0.00 | Red | R | R | I |
| FA18 | Final effluent | 0.22±0.01 | 0.22±0.01 | 0.25±0.02 | 0.28±0.00 | 0.20±0.01 | 0.21±0.03 | Brown | R | R | R |
| PL508 | Pathology lab | 0.18±0.02 | 0.17±0.01 | 0.15±0.01 | 0.28±0.01 | 0.24±0.02 | 0.22±0.01 | Brown | R | R | R |
| FA14 | Final effluent | 0.26±0.01 | 0.25±0.02 | 0.22±0.01 | 0.27±0.01 | 0.25±0.03 | 0.28±0.00 | Brown | R | R | R |
| PL449 | Pathology lab | 0.17±0.02 | 0.17±0.01 | 0.14±0.01 | 0.26±0.00 | 0.24±0.00 | 0.14±0.01 | Red | R | R | R |
| FA002 | Final effluent | 0.19±0.02 | 0.23±0.01 | 0.21±0.01 | 0.30±0.00 | 0.23±0.01 | 0.21±0.02 | Black | R | S | S |
| FA006 | Final effluent | 0.24±0.00 | 0.26±0.00 | 0.30±0.02 | 0.29±0.00 | 0.26±0.01 | 0.25±0.02 | Black | R | S | I |
| PL446 | Pathology lab | 0.28±0.01 | 0.24±0.01 | 0.23±0.01 | 0.28±0.02 | 0.22±0.05 | 0.26±0.01 | Brown | R | R | S |
| PL487 | Pathology lab | 0.25±0.02 | 0.26±0.01 | 0.30±0.01 | 0.29±0.00 | 0.25±0.01 | 0.20±0.02 | Brown | R | S | S |
| FG121 | Final effluent | 0.32±0.02 | 0.28±0.00 | 0.20±0.03 | 0.29±0.02 | 0.30±0.01 | 0.21±0.02 | Black | R | R | I |
| FA12 | Final effluent | 0.30±0.00 | 0.30±0.02 | 0.31±0.01 | 0.30±0.01 | 0.29±0.01 | 0.28±0.01 | Black | I | I | I |
| MW192 | Mainward | 0.25±0.03 | 0.25±0.01 | 0.25±0.00 | 0.28±0.01 | 0.27±0.00 | 0.22±0.01 | Brown | R | R | I |
| FA73 | Final effluent | 0.20±0.03 | 0.21±0.09 | 0.18±0.03 | 0.28±0.00 | 0.22±0.02 | 0.24±0.05 | Black | R | I | I |
| FA21 | Final effluent | 0.18±0.00 | 0.19±0.01 | 0.15±0.01 | 0.25±0.02 | 0.22±0.01 | 0.17±0.01 | Brown | S | S | S |
| MW179 | Mainward | 0.31±0.01 | 0.29±0.01 | 0.12±0.02 | 0.30±0.03 | 0.31±0.02 | 0.21±0.01 | Brown | R | R | I |
| MW190 | Mainward | 0.16±0.03 | 0.13±0.01 | 0.19±0.00 | 0.29±0.01 | 0.26±0.01 | 0.25±0.01 | Brown | R | I | I |
| FA14 | Final effluent | 0.26±0.01 | 0.25±0.02 | 0.22±0.01 | 0.27±0.01 | 0.25±0.03 | 0.28±0.00 | Brown | I | I | I |
| PL479 | Pathology lab | 0.15±0.02 | 0.16±0.00 | 0.17±0.01 | 0.27±0.00 | 0.26±0.00 | 0.22±0.01 | Red | R | S | S |
| MW400 | Mainward | 0.25±0.03 | 0.26±0.02 | 0.26±0.01 | 0.28±0.00 | 0.22±0.01 | 0.21±0.05 | Black | R | R | R |
| FA35 | Final effluent | 0.28±0.01 | 0.29±0.01 | 0.27±0.01 | 0.28±0.03 | 0.31±0.02 | 0.33±0.01 | Black | R | R | S |
| FG116 | Final effluent | 0.09±0.01 | 012±0.01 | 0.11±0.02 | 0.28±0.01 | 0.25±0.01 | 0.25±0.09 | Brown | R | S | S |
| FG378 | Final effluent | 0.23±0.02 | 0.26±0.01 | 0.21±0.01 | 0.27±0.00 | 0.21±0.03 | 0.20±0.01 | Red | R | S | S |
| FA28 | Final effluent | 0.28±0.01 | 0.24±0.02 | 0.23±0.00 | 0.27±0.00 | 0.23±0.01 | 0.28±0.00 | Brown | R | R | S |
| MW437 | Mainward | 0.16±0.01 | 0.14±0.01 | 0.10±0.01 | 0.23±0.01 | 0.20±0.01 | 0.26±0.01 | Brown | R | S | S |
| MW397 | Mainward | 0.25±0.01 | 0.24±0.01 | 0.27±0.00 | 0.29±0.00 | 0.23±0.02 | 0.24±0.05 | Black | R | I | S |
| FA106 | Final effluent | 0.17±0.01 | 0.23±0.04 | 0.17±0.03 | 0.27±0.01 | 0.24±0.01 | 0.15±0.01 | Red | R | R | S |
| PL471 | Pathology lab | 0.22±0.01 | 0.23±0.01 | 0.22±0.01 | 0.27±0.01 | 0.25±0.01 | 0.27±0.01 | Red | R | R | R |
Notes: Biofilm formation assay is the mean of three independent experiments carried out in triplicate±SD following growth in minimal (EAOB) and rich (TSB) at 26°C, 30°C, and 37°C without shaking, respectively.
Abbreviations: IMP, Imipenem; MEM, Meropenem; CIP, Ciprofloxacin; R, Resistance; I, Intermediate; S, Susceptible; Black, Strong biofilm formation; Brown, moderate biofilm formation; Red, weak biofilm formation using congo red assay method; EAOB, Anacker and Ordal’s broth; TSB, Tryptic soy broth.