(A) Survival after intraperitoneal injection of LPS following pre-treatment with either isotype or α-GDF15 antibody and subsequent intraperitoneal injection of either PBS or Intralipid 20% at 2, 6, 22, and 30 hours post-LPS injection. (n>9 per group)
(B) Plasma troponin I levels 24 hours after LPS injection following pre-treatment with either isotype or α-GDF15 antibody with or without intraperitoneal injection of either PBS or Intralipid 20%.
(C) Rectal temperature in mice 24 hours after LPS injection following pre-treatment with either isotype or α-GDF15 antibody with or without intraperitoneal injection of either PBS or Intralipid 20%.
(D) Survival after intraperitoneal injection of LPS and subsequent injection of purified mouse GDF15 or control protein (ovalbumin) starting 6 hours post-LPS injection and twice daily thereafter. (n>14 per group, representative of 2 independent experiments using two different rGDF15 preparations)
(E) Survival after CLP and subsequent injection of purified mouse GDF15 or control protein (ovalbumin) starting 6 hours post-LPS injection and twice daily thereafter (n>9 per group).
(F) Survival in wildtype and Adrb1/2−/− animals after intraperitoneal injection of LPS and subsequent injection of purified mouse GDF15 or control protein (ovalbumin) starting 6 hours post-LPS injection and twice daily thereafter. (n>8 per group)