Table 1.
Overview of investigated animal models.
| Animal model | Mutations | Promotor | Start plaque deposition (region) | Start cognitive deficits | References | Age |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| J20 | APPK670N/M671L, V717F | PDGF | 5–7 months (hippocampus, neocortex) | 1–2 months | Mucke et al., 2000; Webster et al., 2014 | 4 months (n = 4) 8 months (n = 4) 16 months (n = 3) 24 months (n = 2) |
| APP/PS1dE9 | APPK595N/M596LPS1 deletion of exon 9 | mPrP | 6 months (hippocampus, cortex) | 4 months | Jankowsky et al., 2001; Jankowsky et al., 2004; Park et al., 2006 | 6 months (n = 4) 16 months (n = 1) 17 months (n = 1) 18 months (n = 1) 23 months (n = 1) 27 months (n = 1) |
| 3xTg-AD | APPK670N/M671L, PS1M146V, TauP301L | mThy-1 | 6 months (frontal cortex)* | 4 months* | Oddo et al., 2003; Billings et al., 2005 | 5 months (n = 4) 14 months (n = 2) 17 months (n = 1) 27 months (n = 3) |
| Caribbean vervet | NA | NA | 15 years (hippocampus) † | 15 years† | This article (Supplementary Figure 9) | 12.2 years (n = 1) 14 years (n = 1) 14.9 years (n = 1) 15 years (n = 2) 16.4 years (n = 1) 17 years (n = 2) 19 years (n = 1) 24 years (n = 1) 27.4 years (n = 1) 32 years (n = 1) |
*
The 3xTg-AD mice used in this paper appeared to have a 2–3 month delay in Alzheimer’s disease pathology compared to previously published reports, possibly due to a loss of transgene copies with successive breeding (see https://www.jax.org/strain/004807).
†
This was the youngest vervet with plaques and cognitive impairment, but note that while generally plaque deposition increases with age, there is no clear relationship between age and, onset of plaque pathology, and cognitive decline (see Supplementary Figure 9). NA, not applicable.