| Procedure | Study | Sample Size | Disorder Treated | Mean time of LFU* | Mean % change† | Adverse events• |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anterior capsulotomy (thermoablative) | Zhan et al, 2014 | 53 | OCD | 12 | −73.7 |
S: Memory impairment (13), UI (11) L: Personality change (3), hypersexuality (3) |
| D'Astous, 2013 | 19 | OCD | 84 | −32 |
S: Frontal syndrome (5), hemorrhage (3) L: Hemiplegia (1), cognitive deficits (1) |
|
| Hurwitz, 2012‡ | 8 | MDD | 24 | −57.4 |
S: Confusion (2), akinetic mutism (1) L: Executive dysfunction (1), fatigue (1) |
|
| Christmas, 2011^ | 20 | MDD | 84 | −50.7 |
S: Confusion (5), HA (3), UI (3) L: Amotivation (4), weight gain (3) |
|
| Liu, 2008 | 35 | OCD | 36 | −79.2 |
S: UI (3), intracerebral hematoma (1) L: Apathy, abulia (2) |
|
| Rück, 2008 | 25 | OCD | 33.5 | −52.5 |
S: Weight gain (mean 6 kg/1 yr) L: UI (2), apathy (1), disinhibition (1) |
|
| Oliver, 2003 | 15 | OCD | 24 | −39 |
S: Hallucinations (1), seizure (1) L: Behavioral disorder (1) |
|
| Gamma capsulotomy | Lopes, 2014 | 16 | OCD | 12 | −51.9 |
S: Weight gain (4), HA (4), manic episodes (2) L: Brain cyst (1), drug abuse (1) |
| Sheehan, 2013 | 5 | OCD | 22 | −50 | None reported | |
| Kondziolka, 2011 | 3 | OCD | 42 | −54 | None reported | |
| Lopes, 2009 | 5 | OCD | 48 | −36 |
S: HA, nausea L: Weight gain |
|
| Dorsal anterior cingulotomy | Sheth, 2013§ | 64 | OCD | 63.8 | −28 |
S: Memory deficit (5), abulia (4), UR (2) L: Suicide (2), infection (1) |
| Shields, 2008‡ | 33 | MDD | 30 | −20.8 | S: UI (4), memory deficit (1), infection (1) | |
| Jung, 2006 | 16 | OCD | 24 | −48 | None reported | |
| Kim, 2003 | 14 | OCD | 12 | −36 | S: Insomnia (4), weight change (4), HA (3) | |
| Limbic leucotomy | Cho, 2008‡ | 16 | Bipolar | 84 | −40.6 | S: Wound infection (1), hallucinations (1), extrapyramidal symptoms (1) |
| Subcaudate tractotomy | Bourne, 2013¶ | 11 | OCD | 50 | −42 | S: Abulia (3), memory deficit (1) |
KEY
LFU = last follow up, months.
% change refers to % change on a given behavioral scale between preoperative administration and LFU administration. For all OCD studies, Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) was used. See notation for other studies. Conventionally, 35% change is regarded as a full treatment response.
Abbreviations: S = short term, L = long term, UI = urinary incontinence, UR = urinary retention, HA = headache.
Includes patients from Baer et al, 1995 and Doughery et al, 2002.
Used Beck Depression Inventory as behavioral scale.
Used HRSD-17 as behavioral scale.
Subcaudate tractotomy was performed as a follow up for cingulotomy non-responders, effectively producing a limbic leucotomy. Given the relative paucity of studies of rigidly tested patients who have undergone subcaudate tractotomy, we present these results for completeness.