Table 2. Plasma insulin and amino acid at baseline (0 min) and postprandial (60 min).

EAA, essential amino acids; NEAA, non-essential amino acids.

	WPH			NEAA Control
Time (min)	0	60	Δ (0–60)	0	60	Δ (0–60)
Humoral Biomarkers
Insulin (pM)	92 ± 33	133±38*	41 ± 14	67 ± 26	95 ± 31*	28 ± 6
EAA (μmol/L)
Leucine	127 ± 5	333 ± 11*	207 ± 11	151 ± 13	138 ± 10	-13 ± 7#
Isoleucine	63 ± 5	195 ± 11*	133 ± 8	74 ± 8	67 ± 6	-7 ± 4#
Valine	228 ± 7	398 ± 10*	170 ± 9	246 ± 16	242 ± 12	-5 ± 9#
Histidine	77 ± 2	91 ± 4*	14 ± 3	83 ± 5	85 ± 4	2 ± 3#
Lysine	183 ± 8	363 ± 17*	180 ± 13	172 ± 14	183 ± 14	11 ± 6#
Methionine	22 ± 3	45 ± 2*	23 ± 4	26 ± 2	26 ± 2	0 ± 1#
Phenylalanine	53 ± 2	71 ± 3*	18 ± 1	57 ± 5	51 ± 11*	-6 ± 2#
Threonine	117 ± 12	230 ± 14*	112 ± 5	108 ± 9	151 ± 11*	44 ± 4#
Tryptophan	67 ± 4	124 ± 7*	57 ± 5	72 ± 8	71 ± 6	-1 ± 4#
Total EAA (μmol/L)	936 ±28	1849 ±45*	914 ± 41	989 ± 67	1013 ± 55	24 ± 37# ± 37
NEAA (μmol/L)
Alanine	267 ± 33	416 ± 40*	148 ± 12	326 ± 37	571 ± 56*	245 ± 20#
Arginine	76 ± 5	127 ± 9*	52 ± 7	80 ± 9	79 ± 8	-1 ± 5#
Asparagine	125 ± 8	187 ± 12*	62 ± 5	131 ± 20	255 ± 18*	125 ± 22#
Aspartic acid	0 ± 0	4 ± 1*	3 ± 1	0 ± 0	11 ± 2*	11 ± 2#
Glutamine	547 ± 20	653 ± 37*	106 ± 20	616 ± 33	746 ± 43*	131 ± 23
Glutamic acid	48 ± 11	63 ± 7*	14 ± 6	36 ± 8	137 ± 13*	101 ± 12#
Glycine	215 ± 20	248 ± 24*	33 ± 6	186 ± 17	328 ± 30*	143 ± 15#
Tyrosine	62 ± 4	100 ± 6*	38 ± 3	60 ± 7	98 ± 11*	38 ± 5
Total NEAA (μmol/L)	1341 ± 59	1798 ± 72*	457 ± 18	1433 ± 92	2227 ± 126*	793 ± 66#
Total AA (μmol/L)	2276 ± 81	3647 ± 67*	1371 ± 33	2422 ± 149	3239 ± 175*	817 ± 97#

Data are Mean ± SEM (n = 6); NA: Not Available

*within groups p<0.05 and

^#between groups p<0.05