Table 5.

ED operational metrics before and after front-end process implementation

	Before implementation	After implementation	Mean change (95% CI) (each ED as matched pair)
Median arrival-to-provider time (min)			−25 (−37 to −13)
Median (95% CI)	60 (37 to 71)	31 (21 to 42)
IQR	41–77	22–39
Range	16–80	10–54
Median ED length of stay for all patients (min)			−36 (−59 to −12)
Median (95% CI)	298 (260 to 341)	261 (222 to 307)
IQR	243–350	225–312
Range	230–377	180–347
Overall left before being seen rate (%)			−1.2 (−1.8 to −0.6)
Median (95% CI)	2.6 (1.4 to 7.0)	1.4 (0.7 to 6.1)
IQR	1.0–3.5	0.5–1.6
Range	0.7–8.6	0.4–6.8

ED, emergency department.