Table 3.
Micro-organisms isolated from cultures sampled in patients with intra-abdominal infection
| Micro-organism | Total cohort (n = 1982) | Setting of infection acquisition | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Community-acquired (n = 664) | Early onset hospital-acquired (n = 482) | Late-onset hospital-acquired (n = 836) | ||
| Gram-negative bacteria | 1161 (58.6) | 385 (58) | 287 (59.5) | 498 (58.5) |
| Enterobacterales | 1024 (51.7) | 344 (51.8) | 247 (51.2) | 433 (51.8) |
| Citrobacter sp. | 21 (1.1) | 6 (0.9) | 8 (1.7) | 7 (0.8) |
| Citrobacter freundii | 18 (0.9) | 6 (0.9) | 3 (0.6) | 9 (0.9) |
| Escherichia coli | 729 (36.8) | 252 (38) | 172 (35.7) | 304 (36.4) |
| Enterobacter aerogenes | 37 (1.9) | 15 (2.3) | 6 (1.2) | 16 (1.9) |
| Enterobacter cloacae | 80 (4) | 31 (4.7) | 16 (3.3) | 34 (4.1) |
| Hafnia alvei | 8 (0.4) | 3 (0.5) | 2 (0.4) | 3 (0.4) |
| Morganella morganii | 25 (1.3) | 10 (1.5) | 5 (1) | 10 (1.2) |
| Klebsiella sp. | 51 (2.6) | 22 (3.3) | 12 (2.5) | 17 (2) |
| Klebsiella oxytoca* | 44 (2.2) | 23 (3.5) | 11 (2.3) | 10 (1.2) |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | 170 (8.6) | 57 (8.6) | 37 (7.7) | 76 (9.1) |
| Proteus sp. | 23 (1.2) | 9 (1.4) | 7 (1.5) | 7 (0.8) |
| Proteus mirabilis | 63 (3.2) | 28 (4.2) | 15 (3.1) | 20 (2.4) |
| Providencia sp. | 3 (0.2) | 0 | 1 (0.2) | 2 (0.2) |
| Salmonella enterica | 4 (0.2) | 2 (0.3) | 2 (0.4) | 0 |
| Serratia marcescens | 12 (0.6) | 2 (0.3) | 4 (0.8) | 6 (0.7) |
| Enterobacterales, other | 24 (1.2) | 7 (1.1) | 5 (1) | 12 (1.4) |
| Non-fermenting bacteria | 233 (11.8) | 72 (10.8) | 66 (13.7) | 95 (11.4) |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 131 (6.6) | 41 (6.2) | 34 (7.1) | 56 (6.7) |
| Pseudomonas sp. (other or NI) | 15 (0.8) | 3 (0.5) | 4 (0.8) | 8 (1) |
| Stenotrophomonas maltophilia | 11 (0.6) | 5 (0.8) | 2 (0.4) | 4 (0.5) |
| Acinetobacter baumannii | 61 (6.2) | 18 (2.7) | 22 (4.6) | 21 (2.5) |
| Acinetobacter sp. (other or NI) | 32 (1.6) | 8 (1.2) | 12 (2.5) | 12 (1.4) |
| Other Gram-negative bacteria | ||||
| Haemophilus influenzae | 4 (0.2) | 2 (0.3) | 0 | 2 (0.2) |
| Gram-positive bacteria | 781 (39.4) | 274 (41.3) | 187 (38.8) | 320 (38.3) |
| Staphylococci | 195 (9.8) | 69 (10.4) | 44 (9.1) | 82 (9.8) |
| Staphylococcus aureus | 64 (3.2) | 23 (3.5) | 19 (3.9) | 22 (2.6) |
| Coagulase-negative staphylococci | 100 (5) | 37 (5.6) | 23 (4.8) | 40 (4.8) |
| Staphylococcus sp. (other or NI) | 37 (1.9) | 11 (1.7) | 5 (1) | 21 (2.5) |
| Enterococci | 513 (25.9) | 173 (26.1) | 121 (25.1) | 219 (26.2) |
| Enterococcus faecalis | 257 (13) | 83 (12.5) | 59 (12.2) | 115 (13.8) |
| Enterococcus faecium | 216 (10.9) | 70 (10.5) | 46 (9.5) | 100 (12) |
| Enterococcus sp. (other or NI) | 77 (3.9) | 33 (5) | 18 (3.7) | 26 (3.1) |
| Other Gram-positive bacteria | ||||
| Streptococcus Group A, B, C, G | 117 (5.9) | 44 (6.6) | 27 (5.6) | 46 (5.5) |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | 9 (0.5) | 4 (0.6) | 2 (0.4) | 3 (0.4) |
| Streptococcus viridans | 33 (1.7) | 13 (2) | 7 (1.5) | 13 (1.6) |
| Corynebacterium | 8 (0.4) | 1 (0.2) | 3 (0.6) | 4 (0.5) |
| Anaerobe bacteria | 231 (11.7) | 83 (12.5) | 45 (9.3) | 103 (12.3) |
| Clostridium perfringens | 21 (1.1) | 7 (1.1) | 3 (0.6) | 11 (1.3) |
| Peptostreptococcus sp. | 4 (0.2) | 1 (0.2) | 2 (0.4) | 1 (0.1) |
| Actinomyces sp. | 2 (0.1) | 1 (0.2) | 0 | 1 (0.1) |
| Gram-positive anaerobe sp. (other or NI) | 53 (2.7) | 17 (2.6) | 12 (2.5) | 24 (2.9) |
| Clostridium difficile | 8 (0.4) | 3 (0.5) | 1 (0.2) | 4 (0.5) |
| Bacteroides sp.* | 103 (5.2) | 46 (6.9) | 17 (3.5) | 40 (4.8) |
| Porphyromonas sp. | 2 (0.1) | 0 | 2 (0.4) | 0 |
| Prevotella sp. | 5 (0.3) | 3 (0.5) | 0 | 2 (0.2) |
| Fusobacterium sp. | 9 (0.5) | 7 (1.1) | 0 | 2 (0.2) |
| Gram-negative anaerobe sp. (other or NI) | 66 (3.3) | 20 (3) | 13 (2.7) | 33 (3.9) |
| Fungi | 258 (13) | 80 (12) | 71 (14.7) | 107 (12.8) |
| Aspergillus sp. | 3 (0.2) | 0 | 2 (0.4) | 1 (0.1) |
| Candida sp. | 257 (13) | 81 (12.2) | 69 (14.3) | 107 (12.8) |
| Candida albicans | 173 (8.7) | 56 (8.4) | 50 (10.4) | 67 (8) |
| Candida glabrata | 35 (1.8) | 10 (1.5) | 9 (1.9) | 16 (1.9) |
| Candida krusei | 3 (0.2) | 2 (0.3) | 0 | 1 (0.1) |
| Candida parapsilosis | 9 (0.5) | 4 (0.6) | 1 (0.2) | 4 (0.5) |
| Candida tropicalis | 16 (0.8) | 6 (0.9) | 2 (0.4) | 8 (1) |
| Candida sp. (other or NI) | 20 (1) | 2 (0.3) | 7 (1.5) | 11 (1.3) |
Table reports n patients positive (% of total number of patients with cultures sampled)
NI not identified
*p < 0.05 for differences between setting of infection acquisition