Table 2.
Factors associated with the variation of the global prevalence of rheumatic heart disease.
| Variables (reference) | Univariable model | Multivariable final model† | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| P value | Coefficient %, (95% CI) | P value | Adjusted coefficient (95%CI) | |
| Year of publication | 0.0071 | 0.0049 (0.0028; 0.0071) | * | |
| Endemic area | 0.9561 | 0.0011 (−0.0376; 0.0398) | ||
| Gross national income per capita | 0.0358 | 0.0103 (0.0007; 0.0199) | * | |
| GINI | 0.0114 | 0.0032 (0.0007; 0.0056) | * | |
| HDI | 0.8740 | 0.0093 (−0.1061; 0.1248) | ||
| %Male | <0.0001 | −0.0043 (−0.0063; −0.0022) | ¥ | |
| Mean/Median age | 0.2827 | −0.0014 (−0.0041; 0.0012) | ||
| Diagnostic procedure (Auscultation > Echography) | <0.0001 | * | ||
| - Echography > Echography | 0.0662 (0.0403; 0.0921) | |||
| - Echography > No confirmation | 0.0461 (−0.0080; 0.1003) | |||
| Diagnostic criteria (WHF) | <0.0001 | |||
| - WHO | −0.0556 (−0.0816; −0.0297) | 0.0008 | −0.0402 (−0.0637; −0.0167) | |
| - Others | −0.0896 (−0.1178; −0.0613) | < 0.0001 | −0.0638 (−0.0899; −0.0377) | |
| WHO regions (Africa) | <0.0001 | |||
| - Eastern Mediterranean | −0.0601 (−0.0980; −0.0222) | 0.1481 | −0.0437 (−0.1030; 0.0155) | |
| - Europe | −0.0212 (−0.0810; 0.0387) | 0.1539 | 0.0488 (−0.0183; 0.1160) | |
| - South-East Asia | −0.0732 (−0.1023; −0.0440) | 0.0165 | −0.0841 (−0.1529; −0.0154) | |
| - The Americas | 0.0001 (−0.0450; 0.0453) | 0.0546 | 0.0519 (−0.0010; 0.1049) | |
| - Western Pacific | 0.0161 (−0.0140; 0.0461) | 0.8557 | −0.0100 (−0.1174; 0.0975) | |
| UNSD of countries (Africa) | <0.0001 | |||
| - Asia | −0.0553 (−0.0819; −0.0287) | 0.1343 | 0.0437 (−0.0135; 0.1009) | |
| - Europe | −0.0108 (−0.0708; 0.0491) | 0.1539 | 0.0488 (−0.0183; 0.1160) | |
| - Oceania | 0.0270 (−0.0028; 0.0568) | 0.1643 | 0.0784 (−0.0321; 0.1889) | |
| - The Americas | 0.0104 (−0.0345; 0.0553) | 0.0546 | 0.0519 (−0.0010; 0.1049) | |
| Income (Low) | 0.0028 | |||
| - Lower-middle | −0.0561 (−0.0913; −0.0210) | 0.4675 | −0.0141 (−0.0522; 0.0240) | |
| - Upper-middle | −0.0094 (−0.0492; 0.0305) | 0.0150 | −0.0601 (−0.1085; −0.0117) | |
| - High | 0.0020 (−0.0482; 0.0523) | 0.0397 | −0.0608 (−0.1188; −0.0029) | |
| Area (Rural) | 0.3730 | |||
| - Urban | 0.0082 (−0.0355; 0.0520) | |||
| - Both | 0.0520 (−0.0165; 0.0746) | |||
| Setting (Community-based) | 0.8989 | |||
| - School-based | −0.0068 (−0.0425; 0.0290) | |||
| - Both | −0.0176 (−0.1084; 0.0732) | |||
¥Not included in the multivariable model because of 29% of missing data.
*Successively removed from the multivariable model if p values > 0.10.
†Residual heterogeneity I² = 98.4%; Amount of heterogeneity accounted for R² = 57.3%.