Table 1.
Baseline characteristics
| Overall (n = 779) | HPV+ (n = 575) | HPV− (n = 204) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Age, mean (SD) | 24.0 (5.2) | 23.4 (4.8) | 25.5 (5.9) | <0.001 |
| Tenofovir group | 50.3 (392) | 50.6 (291) | 49.5 (101) | 0.807 |
| Income < R1000/month | 91.2 (634/695) | 90.1 (465/516) | 94.4 (169/179) | 0.092 |
| Married | 6.0 (47) | 4.0 (23) | 11.8 (24) | <0.001 |
| Sexual behavior | ||||
| Sexual debut median (IQR) | 17 (16–19) | 17 (16–18) | 17 (16–19) | 0.746 |
| Lifetime partners | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–3) | 0.694 |
| Sex acts in last 30 days | 6 (4–10) | 6 (3–10) | 6 (4–12) | 0.069 |
| Living with regular partner | 12.7 (98/772) | 10.5 (60/574) | 19.2 (38/198) | <0.001 |
| Work away from regular partner | 24.0 (185/772) | 23.5 (135/574) | 25.3 (50/198) | 0.003 |
| Knows partner has other partners | 21.1 (161/763) | 21.1 (119/563) | 21.0 (42/200) | 0.113 |
| Partner consumes alcohol before sex | 29.7 (231) | 28.0 (161) | 34.3 (70) | 0.083 |
| Always used condoms | 71.1 (554) | 71.1 (409) | 71.1 (145) | 1.000 |
| Ever had sex for money | 1.9 (15) | 1.7 (10) | 2.5 (5) | 0.555 |
| Biological | ||||
| STI symptoms at baseline | 37.2 (290) | 38.4 (221) | 33.8 (69) | 0.273 |
| HSV-2 antibodies | 52.3 (407/778) | 50.5 (290/574) | 57.4 (117/204) | 0.103 |
| Positive STI resulta | 22.5 (60/267) | 25.2 (38/151) | 19.0 (22/116) | 0.241 |
| Neisseria gonorrhoeae | 0.4 (1/267) | 0.7 (1/151) | 0 (0/116) | 1.000 |
| Chlamydia trachomatis | 10.9 (29/267) | 15.9 (24/151) | 4.3 (5/116) | 0.003 |
| Trichomonas vaginalis | 9.4 (25/267) | 8.0 (12/151) | 11.2 (13/116) | 0.401 |
| Mycoplasma genitalium | 3.0 (8/267) | 4.0 (6/151) | 1.7 (2/116) | 0.472 |
| HSV-1 (PCR) | 0 (0/267) | 0 (0/151) | 0 (0/116) | − |
| HSV-2 (PCR) | 2.3 (6/267) | 2.0 (3/151) | 2.6 (3/116) | 1.000 |
| Haemophilus ducreyi | 0 (0/267) | 0 (0/151) | 0 (0/116) | − |
| Treponema pallidum | 0 (0/267) | 0 (0/151) | 0 (0/116) | − |
| C. trachomatis LGV strains | 0 (0/267) | 0 (0/151) | 0 (0/116) | − |
HPV+ cervicovaginal HPV DNA detected, HPV- no cervicovaginal HPV DNA detected, SD standard deviation, IQR interquartile range, LGV lymphogranuloma venereum, PCR polymerase chain reaction
aDiagnosis based on the multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR)