Figure 4.

Ciliate produced rHA protects against infection with H1N1 influenza. Mice were immunized three times at 3 weekly intervals with 15 or 1.5 μg ciliate derived A/Cal, or 15 μg control inactivated influenza antigen (IIV) by the intramuscular (i.m.) route. Two weeks after the final immunization, anti-H1N1 antibody titer was measured by ELISA (A). Mice were then challenged with pH1N1 by the intranasal route. Weight change (B), viral load (C), and lung cell number (D) were assessed after infection. Points represent individual animals (A,C,D) or mean (B) of n = 5 mice per group, ^***p < 0.001 by ANOVA and post test.