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. 2019 Nov 13;10:1305. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01305

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Copyright © 2019 Li, Xu, Cao, Liu, Xie, Ishii and Zhang

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Alpha-mangostin (α-MG) blocked transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)/Smad2/3 signaling pathway and regulate MMPs/tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP) system balance in bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis. One week after BLM treatment (5 mg/kg), mice were intragastrically administered with α-MG (10 mg/kg) or nintedanib (40 mg/kg) once a day for 14 days. Mouse lungs were collected on day 21 after BLM treatment. Protein expression of MMP-9 (A), TIMP-1 (B), TGF-β1 (C), and p-Smad2/3 and Smad2/3 (D) were detected using Western blot analysis. Data were expressed as mean ± SD (n ≥ 3). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, NS, non-significant.