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. 2019 Nov 13;10:1203. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2019.01203

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Copyright © 2019 Xiao, Koepp and Zhou.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effects of carbamazepine and lamotrigine on functional magnetic resonance imaging cognitive networks. Significant group differences between patients on carbamazepine (CBZ), levetiracetam (LEV), and lamotrigine (LTG) and healthy controls (CTR) are demonstrated on a surface-rendered brain template, and the subcortical changes are demonstrated on a coronal brain template with a bar chart indicating z score. (A) Patients on CBZ activated less in the left inferior frontal gyrus than patients on LEV. In patients on LTG, deactivation was reduced in the task-negative areas, including the middle frontal gyri and left dorsal parietal region of the precuneus, compared with patients on LEV and CBZ. P < 0.005, 10-voxel threshold. (B) All three groups of patients activated the putamen less bilaterally (left > right) than CTR. Patients on CBZ activated the left inferior frontal gyrus less than CTR. There was less deactivation in the bilateral medial frontal gyri and bilateral lateral temporal regions, left rolandic operculum, and left inferior parietal lobule in patients on LTG. P < 0.005, 10-voxel threshold. L, left; R, right. Reproduced with permission from Xiao et al. (20).