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. 2019 Nov 13;10:1324. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01324

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Copyright © 2019 Shi, Luo, Fang, Liu, Rao, Liu and Zeng

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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LPS administration acutely induced inflammation in different brain regions. (A, B) Mice, LPS administration increased levels of cytokines including IL-6 (serum: 82.23 ± 29.99 vs 38.73 ± 10.10, N = 6 vs 5, cortex: 1.11 ± 0.19 vs 0.57 ± 0.07, N = 5, hippocampus: 1.00 ± 0.16 vs 0.79 ± 0.10, N = 5) and TNF-α (serum: 91.84 ± 9.60 vs 81.31 ± 2.13, N = 6 vs 5, cortex: 1.12 ± 0.15 vs 0.64 ± 0.18, N = 4, hippocampus: 1.14 ± 0.22 vs 1.07 ± 0.16, N = 5) in the serum and cortex (P 0.05), and the level of IL-6 in the hippocampus. with 2 weeks of prior XYW administration (LPS + XYW), exhibited significantly lower levels of Interleukin 6 (IL-6) (serum: 82.23 ± 29.99 vs 49.01 ± 7.78, N = 6, cortex: 1.11 ± 0.19 vs 0.95 ± 0.19, N = 5, hippocampus: 1.00 ± 0.16 vs 0.73 ± 0.09, N = 5) and Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) [serum: 91.84 ± 9.60 vs 88.51 ± 1.51, N = 6 vs 5, cortex: 1.12 ± 0.15 vs 0.89 ± 0.06, N = 4, hippocampus:1.14 ± 0.22 vs 0.76 ± 0.02, N = 5] in different regions (P 0.05) (A1-2, B1-2: t-test, A3, B3: Mann-Whitney test). (C, F) Rats, LPS increased levels of IL-6 (serum:128.18 ± 29.32 vs 97.34 ± 4.38 (control) vs 88.60 ± 8.53 (sham), N = 8 vs 6 vs 6, cortex:2.10 ± 0.42 vs 1.06 ± 0.41 (control) vs 1.08 ± 0.46 (sham), N = 6, hippocampus: 2.18 ± 0.43 vs 1.03 ± 0.30 (control) vs 1.37 ± 0.34 (sham), N = 6 vs 5 vs 5, cortex (IL-6/DAPI): 0.46 ± 0.03 vs 0.27 ± 0.03 (control) vs 0.28 ± 0.02 (sham), N = 4 vs 5 vs 5, hippocampus (IL-6/DAPI): 0.29 ± 0.07 vs 0.17 ± 0.04 (control) vs 0.17 ± 0.01 (sham), N = 5 vs 4 vs 5) and TNF-α [serum: 47.03 ± 19.28 vs 25.12 ± 11.84 (control) vs 17.49 ± 11.53 (sham), N = 7 vs 8 vs 7, cortex:1.58 ± 0.34 vs 1.04 ± 0.31 (control) vs 0.97 ± 0.57 (sham), N = 6, hippocampus:1.34 ± 0.22 vs 0.99 ± 0.08 (control) vs 1.02 ± 0.31 (sham), N = 6 vs 5 vs 5] (P 0.05 or P 0.01), with 2 weeks of prior XYW administration (LPS + XYW), exhibited significantly lower levels of cytokines including IL-6 (serum: 128.18 ± 29.32 vs 132.40 ± 40.05 (0.93 g/kg) vs 90.73 ± 13.78 (1.86 g/kg), N = 8, cortex: 2.10 ± 0.42 vs 1.12 ± 0.38 (0.93 g/kg) vs 1.01 ± 0.58 (1.86 g/kg), N = 6, hippocampus:2.18 ± 0.43 vs 0.94 ± 0.20 (0.93 g/kg) vs 0.86 ± 0.36 (1.86 g/kg), N = 6 vs 5 vs 6, cortex (IL-6/DAPI): 0.46 ± 0.03 vs 0.40 ± 0.05 (0.93 g/kg) vs 0.28 ± 0.04 (1.86 g/kg), N = 4 vs 5 vs 5, hippocampus (IL-6/DAPI): 0.29 ± 0.07 vs 0.24 ± 0.04 (0.93 g/kg) vs 0.17 ± 0.03 (1.86 g/kg), N = 5) and TNF-α [serum:47.03 ± 19.28 vs 10.94 ± 9.81 (0.93 g/kg) vs 15.26 ± 9.17 (1.86 g/kg), N = 7, cortex: 1.58 ± 0.34 vs 1.02 ± 0.29 (0.93 g/kg) vs 1.06 ± 0.37 (1.86 g/kg), N = 6, hippocampus: 1.34 ± 0.22 vs 1.06 ± 0.27 (0.93 g/kg) vs 0.99 ± 0.15 (1.86 g/kg), N = 6 vs 5 vs 6] in peripheral and central brain regions (P 0.05 or P 0.01). (C1, D1: Mann-Whitney test, C2, D2-3, F2: t-test, C3, F1: one-way ANOVA). Compared with the control group, ^# P < 0.05, ^##P < 0.01. Compared with the LPS group, *P < 0.05,**P < 0.01.

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