Table 2.
Comparison between three hyperlactatemia groups
| Variables | Hyperlactatemia classification | p value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mild n = 139 |
Moderate n = 182 |
Severe n = 114 |
||
| Age, years | 64 [52, 73] | 64 [50, 75] | 60 [48, 68] | 0.087 |
| Age > 65 years | 63 (45) | 81 (45) | 38 (33) | 0.098 |
| Male sex | 105 (76) | 143 (79) | 90 (79) | 0.757 |
| Witness | 118 (85) | 149 (82) | 81 (71) | 0.017 |
| Dispatcher instruction | 66 (47) | 89 (49) | 43 (38) | 0.149 |
| Bystander-performed CPR | 77 (55) | 100 (55) | 51 (45) | 0.161 |
| Cardiac etiology | 115 (83) | 135 (74) | 82 (72) | 0.089 |
| Initial shockable rhythm | 88 (63) | 100 (55) | 47 (41) | 0.002 |
| Prehospital epinephrine administration | 21 (15) | 41 (23) | 37 (32) | 0.005 |
| Prehospital advanced airway management | 33 (24) | 61 (34) | 51 (45) | 0.002 |
| Prehospital AED | 114 (82) | 132 (73) | 67 (59) | < 0.001 |
| Response time, min | 8 [6, 9] | 8 [6, 9] | 8 [7, 9] | 0.376 |
| Time from call to hospital arrival, min | 32 [25, 39] | 30 [24, 35] | 29 [24, 37] | 0.200 |
| Prehospital ROSC | 102 (73) | 112 (62) | 38 (33) | < 0.001 |
| Glasgow Coma Scale score | 3 [3, 4] | 3 [3, 3] | 3 [3, 3] | < 0.001 |
| Coronary angiography | 85 (61) | 106 (58) | 66 (58) | 0.833 |
| ECMO and/or IABP | 45 (32) | 37 (20) | 41 (36) | 0.006 |
| Door-to-first ABG measurement after ROSC, min | 11 [5, 30] | 9 [5, 18] | 15 [7, 30] | 0.007 |
| pH | 7.28 [7.22, 7.33] | 7.12 [7.02, 7.28] | 6.92 [6.75, 7.03] | < 0.001 |
| PaCO2, mm Hg | 43 [37, 51] | 52 [35, 75] | 70 [43, 97] | < 0.001 |
| PaCO2 30–50 mm Hg | 90 (65) | 63 (35) | 27 (24) | < 0.001 |
| PaO2, mm Hg | 176 [91, 337] | 187 [92, 356] | 150 [79, 346] | 0.760 |
| HCO3, mmol/l | 19.9 [17.1, 21.7] | 16.4 [13.9, 18.6] | 12.9 [10.3, 16.8] | < 0.001 |
| Base excess, mmol/l | − 6.2 [− 9.1, − 4.0] | − 12 [− 14.7, − 9.5] | − 19.4 [− 24.1, − 15.4] | < 0.001 |
| Lactate value, mmol/l | 5.2 [3.7, 6.1] | 9.1 [7.9, 10.2] | 14.9 [13.2, 18.0] | < 0.001 |
| Door-to-TTM initiation, min | 106 [30, 188] | 115 [36, 190] | 136 [46, 225] | 0.324 |
| Targeted temperature management | 0.331 | |||
| 32–34 °C | 108 (78) | 128 (70) | 83 (73) | |
| 35–36 °C | 31 (22) | 54 (30) | 31 (27) | |
| 30-day favorable neurological outcome | 84 (60) | 76 (42) | 22 (19) | < 0.001 |
| 30-day survival | 117 (84) | 144 (79) | 64 (56) | < 0.001 |
Continuous variables were presented as median [Interquartile range]. Categorical variables were presented as n (%)
CPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation, AED automated external defibrillator, ROSC return of spontaneous circulation, ECMO extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, IABP intra-aortic balloon pumping, ABG arterial blood gas