Table 3.

Association of serum antioxidant with eGFR in individuals with no copies of the APOE4 allele.

Antioxidant	Unadjusted analysis			Adjusted analysis†
	β*	95% confidence intervals	P	β*	95% confidence intervals	P
Retinol (μmmol/L)	−1.270	−2.639, 0.099	0.07	−1.235	−2.521, 0.051	0.06
γ-Tocopherol (μmmol/L)	−0.024	−0.585, 0.536	0.93	0.036	−0.503, 0.575	0.89
α-Tocopherol (μmmol/L)	−0.023	−0.124, 0.078	0.65	0.005	−0.092, 0.102	0.92
Lutein (mmol/L)	0.038	0.002, 0.074	0.04	0.029	−0.005, 0.063	0.10
Zeaxanthin (mmol/L)	0.058	−0.079, 0.194	0.41	0.027	−0.103, 0.158	0.68
β-Cryptoxanthin (mmol/L)	0.018	−0.052, 0.088	0.62	0.030	−0.038, 0.097	0.39
α-Carotene (mmol/L)	−0.008	−0.065, 0.050	0.79	0.005	−0.050, 0.061	0.85
β-Carotene (mmol/L)	0.000	−0.011, 0.010	0.99	0.002	−0.008, 0.012	0.65
Lycopene (μmmol/L)	−1.028	−3.104, 1.047	0.33	−0.634	−2.631, 1.363	0.53

*Average increase in each serum antioxidant level per unit increase in eGFR.

^†Multiple regression analysis adjusted for age (years), gender, smoking (pack-years) and Alzheimer’s disease status.