Table 1.
Influence of four different temperature on the biological traits of the diamondback moth.
| Temperature |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parameters | 15 °C | 20 °C | 25 °C | 30 °C |
| Egg duration (d) | 4.36 ± 0.23 a | 3.38 ± 0.14 b | 2.34 ± 0.15 c | 1.83 ± 0.14 d |
| 1st instar (d) | 5.20 ± 0.06 a | 3.17 ± 0.09 b | 2.32 ± 0.08 c | 1.14 ± 0.02 d |
| 2nd instar (d) | 4.28 ± 0.08 a | 2.76 ± 0.06 b | 2.10 ± 0.08 c | 1.44 ± 0.10 d |
| 3rd instar (d) | 3.76 ± 0.06 a | 1.87 ± 0.08 b | 1.64 ± 0.10 bc | 1.12 ± 0.02 c |
| 4th instar (d) | 3.55 ± .07 a | 2.43 ± 0.04 b | 1.76 ± 0.03 c | 1.22 ± 0.05 d |
| Pupal duration (d) | 7.26 ± 0.14 a | 6.24 ± 0.06 b | 3.86 ± 0.06 c | 3.11 ± 0.07 d |
| Male adult longevity (d) | 19.15 ± 0.28 a | 15.31 ± 0.18 b | 13.89 ± 0.18 c | 11.55 ± 0.29 d |
| Female adult longevity (d) | 17.54 ± 0.16 a | 12.76 ± 0.26 b | 11.29 ± 0.12 c | 10.15 ± 0.16 d |
| DT from egg to male adult (d) | 47.00 ± 0.63 a | 35.64 ± 0.50 b | 27.27 ± 0.18 c | 24.23 ± 0.64 d |
| DT from egg to female adult (d) | 45.91 ± 0.69 a | 33.67 ± 0.66 b | 25.83 ± 0.56 c | 23.42 ± 0.61 d |
| APOP/APRP (d) | 1.00 ± 0.33 a | 0.50 ± 0.26 a | 1.00 ± 0.33 a | 1.00 ± 0.00 a |
| TPOP/TPRP (d) | 30.00 ± 0.67 a | 21.05 ± 0.50 b | 15. 65 ± 0.98 c | 12.67 ± 0.76 c |
| Oviposition (d) | 9.91 ± 0.25 b | 10.75 ± 0.63 a | 9.67 ± 0.22 a | 8.58 ± 0.19 a |
| Fecundity (total eggs/female) | 101.93 ± 4.58 d | 288.09 ± 4.65 a | 261.93 ± 2.68 b | 194.53 ± 3.09 c |
APOP: Adult pre-oviposition period of female adult, APRP: Adult pre-reproduction period of female adult. TPOP: Total pre-oviposition period of female counted from birth, TPRP: Total pre-reproduction period of female counted from birth. Means in the same row followed by the same letter are not significantly different (P > 0.05) using bootstrap test.