Table. 1.1.
Structural MRI studies in PD-FOG - Grey Matter Studies.
| Authors (Year) | Participants (years) (mean age±SD) | Technique | Outcome measures | Imaging findings | Clinical correlation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Snijders et al. (2011) | 12 PD-FOG (59±9) 12 PD-nFOG (63±7) 21 HS (57± 9) | VBM | GM volume | GM loss in the MLR | No correlation |
| Kostic et al. (2012) | 17 PD-FOG (64±8) 20 PD-nFOG (63±5) 34 HS (64±7) | VBM | GM volume | GM loss in frontal, parietal and temporal cortices | Between GM volumes of bilateral frontal, parietal cortices and FOG-Q |
| Tessitore et al. (2012a) | 12 PD-FOG (67±5) 12 PD-nFOG (66±6) 12 HS (66±6) | VBM | GM volume | GM loss in cuneus, precuneus, lingual gyrus and PCC | Between GM loss in posterior cortical regions and FOG-Q |
| Sunwoo et al. (2013) | 16 PD-FOG (67±5) 30 PD-nFOG (69±4) | VBM | GM volume | GM loss in the thalamus | Between thalamic volume and visual recognition memory |
| Herman et al. (2014) | 30 PD-FOG (65±9) 76 PD-nFOG (64.9±9.5) | VBM | GM volume | GM loss in inferior parietal lobule | Between bilateral caudate volumes and FOG-Q |
| Rubino et al. (2014) | 13 PD-FOG (68±8) 13 PD-nFOG (68±7) | VBM | GM volume | GM loss in left posterior parietal gyrus | Not performed |
| Brugger et al. (2015) | 18 PD-FOG (61±8) 20 PD-nFOG (61±10) | VBM | GM volume | GM loss in middle frontal gyrus, superior and middle orbital gyrus, superior frontal gyrus and right middle temporal gyrus, superior and inferior parietal lobule | Between GM volume of parietal, temporal lobes and FOG-Q Between GM volume of frontal lobe and FAB |
| Canu et al. (2015) | 35 PD-FOG (68±8) 23 HS (67±8) | VBM | GM volume | No GM loss | No correlation |
| Jha et al. (2015) | 17 PD-FOG (57±7) 21 PD-nFOG (47±9) | VBM | GM volume | GM loss in right cerebellum, medial frontal, precentral cortex, and left middle temporal gyrus | Not performed |
| Myers et al. (2017) | 25 PD-FOG (67±10) 38 PD-nFOG (64±10) | VBM | Cerebellar volumes | No GM loss | No correlation |
| Vastik et al. (2017) | 11 PD-FOG (71±6) 10 PD-nFOG (69±10) | SBM | GM thickness | GM loss in left SMA, anterior cingulate cortex, temporal pole and right frontal operculum | No correlation |
| Bharti et al. (2019a) | 15 PD-FOG (71±7) 16 PD-nFOG (66±11) 16 HS (67±8) | VBM | Cerebellar volumes | No GM loss | Not performed |
| Pietracupa et al. (2018) | 21 PD-FOG (66±11) 16 PD-nFOG (70±11) 19 HS (67±8) | SBM | Cortical thickness | GM loss in superior frontal gyrus, paracentral lobule, PCC, precuneus, pericalcarine, and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex | No correlation |
PD-FOG: Parkinson's disease patients with freezing of gait; PD-nFOG: Parkinson's disease patients without freezing of gait; HS: healthy controls; VBM: Volume-based morphometry; GM: Grey matter; MLR: Mesencephalic locomotor region; FOG-Q: Freezing of Gait Questionnaire; PCC: Posterior cingulate cortex; FAB: Frontal Assessment Battery; SBM: Surface-based morphometry; SMA: supplementary motor area.
FOG-Q represents severity of freezing of gait (FOG)
*NA: not available