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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2019 May 20;29(2):205–216. doi: 10.1007/s00787-019-01346-0

Table 4.

Cholesky Decomposition of Additive Genetic (A), Shared Environmental (C), and Non-Shared Environmental (E) Influences (95% Confidence Intervals) for Hyperactivity/Impulsivity across time

Time 1 2 3 Total
95% Cl 95% Cl 95% Cl 95% Cl
Additive genetic influences A1 A2 A3 A
 1 0.09 0.00–0.34 0.09 0.00–0.34
 2 0.00 0.00–0.12 0.01 0.00–0.15 0.01 0.00–0.15
 3 0.12 0.00–0.60 0.31 0.00–0.57 0.00 0.00–0.55 0.43 0.15–0.60
Shared environmental influences Cl C2 C3 C
 1 0.30 0.09–0.43 0.30 0.09–0.43
 2 0.11 0.02–0.38 0.36 0.09–0.45 0.47 0.34–0.54
 3 0.00 0.00–0.13 0.05 0.00–0.24 0.07 0.00–0.30 0.12 0.00–0.35
Non-shared environmental influences El E2 E3 E
 1 0.61 0.53–0.69 0.61 0.53–0.69
 2 0.04 0.02–0.08 0.48 0.42–0.55 0.52 0.46–0.59
 3 0.00 0.00–0.01 0.00 0.00–0.02 0.45 0.38–0.54 0.46 0.38–0.55

Note. Estimates whose lower limit of 95% confidence interval (two-tailed) is larger than 0.01 are bolded. Across each row, total A, C, and E equal to the sum of estimated A, C, and E across all time, respectively, representing the relative contributions of genetic and environmental influences cumulated from previous times. For instance, for total A in time 3 (0.43), it equals to the sum of A of all three time points (0.40 = 0.12 + 0.31 + 0.00). In the last column for total A, C, and E, their estimates sum to 1 for each time. For instance, for time 2, A (0.01) + C (0.47) + E (0.53) = 1.