Table 2.

Differences in percent of women reporting gender discrimination, by race/ethnicity and sexual orientation/gender identitya

Domains of reported gender discrimination	Subject of discriminationb	N	Allc	Race/Ethnicityd					Sexual orientation/Gender identitye
				White	Native American	Black	Hispanic/Latina	Asian	Non‐LGBTQ	LGBTQ
Personal experiences of institutional discrimination
Employment
Being paid equally or considered for promotionsf	You	718	41	41	57	50	37	34	40	61 *
Applying for jobsg	You	717	31	30	49 *	40	29	27	31	43
Education
Applying to or while attending collegeh	You	594	20	19	20	24	23	20	20	16
Health care
Going to a doctor or health clinic	You	827	18	17	29	22	20	12	18	24
Housing
Trying to rent a room/apartment or buy a housei	You	632	16	14	25	27 *	24	17	16	13
Political Participation
Trying to vote or participate in politics	You	769	9	7	11	12	12	8	9	13
Police and courts
Interacting with police	You	769	15	12	28	24 *	17	10	15	23
Unfairly stopped or treated by the policej	You or female family member	769	12	11	35 *	19	11	2 *	12	23
Unfairly treated by the courtsj	You or female family member	769	8	6	29 *	18 *	9	4	8	13
Personal experiences of interpersonal discrimination
Microaggressionsk	You	827	24	26	26	25	16	17	24	35
Gender‐based slursk	You	827	18	21	17	15	10 *	10 *	18	32
Sexual harassmentj	You or female family member	769	37	42	62 *	35	25 *	23 *	36	65 *
Threatened or nonsexually harassedj	You or female family member	769	29	31	58 *	31	23	15 *	28	48 *
Violencej	You or female family member	769	21	21	58 *	29	16	9 *	20	42 *
Actions based on concerns about discrimination
Avoided doctor or health care because of concerns of gender discrimination/poor treatment	You or female family member	827	9	7	27 *	12	19 *	6	9	20
Avoided calling the police because of concerns of gender discrimination	You or female family member	769	9	8	25 *	12	10	5	9	15

^aUnweighted Ns and weighted percentages of US women ages 18+. Individual questions only asked among a randomized subsample of half of respondents. Don't know/refused responses included in the total for unadjusted estimates.

^bQuestions about you are personal experiences only; questions about you or family member ask if items have happened to you or a family member because you or they are a woman.

^cUnadjusted percent, calculated using survey weights.

^dWhites, blacks, Hispanic/Latinas, Asians, and Native Americans. Also includes “Other Race/Ethnicity” not shown.

^eNon‐LGBTQ includes women who identify as heterosexual/straight and female gender, and did not identify as transgender or genderqueer/gender nonconforming. LGBTQ includes women who identify as lesbian, bisexual, queer, transgender, genderqueer, or gender nonconforming.

^fEqual pay question only asked among respondents who have ever been employed for pay.

^gJobs question only asked among respondents who have ever applied for a job.

^hCollege application/attendance was only asked among respondents who have ever applied for college or attended college for any amount of time.

ⁱHousing question only asked among respondents who have ever tried to rent a room or apartment, or to apply for a mortgage or buy a home.

^jQuestion wording: “Do you believe that you or someone in your family who is also female has (_____) because you or they are a female?”

^kQuestion wording: “In your day‐to‐day life, have any of the following things ever happened to you, or not?” and respondent indicated they had experienced this and believed this happened because they are a woman. Gender‐based slurs = someone referred to you or a group you belong to using a slur or other negative word; microaggressions = someone made negative assumptions or insensitive or offensive comments about you.

^*For race/ethnicity bivariate comparison, significantly different from whites at P < .05 (in bold); for sexual orientation/gender identity bivariate comparison, significantly different from non‐LGBTQ women at P < .05 (in bold), based on t tests.