Table 3.

Odds of reporting personal experiences of ethnic discrimination across institutional domains among a national sample of Latino adults in the United States

	Employment		Education	Health care		Housing	Political participation	Police and courts				Overall institutional discrimination
	Applying for jobsb	Equal pay/promotionsc	College application/attendanced	Doctor or health clinic visits	Avoided doctor due to discrimination concerns	Trying to rent or buy a housee	Trying to vote or participate in politics	Interacting with police	Unfairly stopped or treated by the police	Unfairly treated by the courts	Avoided calling the police due to discrimination concerns	Discrimination across 0‐7 domainsf
Na	324	328	202	309	309	221	344	353	361	358	361	676
OR (95% CI)
Gender
Female	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Male	1.53 (0.82, 2.86)	1.52 (0.80, 2.91)	0.87 (0.37, 2.05)	0.27 * (0.12, 0.60)	0.33 * (0.14, 0.76)	0.87 (0.35, 2.17)	2.16 (0.99, 4.71)	2.25 * (1.21, 4.20)	1.46 (0.79, 2.69)	1.76 (0.89, 3.46)	2.10 (0.93, 4.74)	0.97 (0.66, 1.42)
Education
<College	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
College+	3.93 * (1.80, 8.58)	2.02 (0.89, 4.58)	6.94 * (2.30, 20.96)	2.64 * (1.13, 6.18)	2.90 * (1.21, 6.98)	0.83 (0.33, 2.10)	1.39 (0.56, 3.47)	2.19 * (1.02, 4.73)	3.33 * (1.57, 7.05)	1.78 (0.77, 4.08)	1.88 (0.69, 5.12)	2.31 * (1.48, 3.60)
Income
$<25 k	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
$25 k‐<50 k	1.09 (0.51, 2.35)	1.43 (0.64, 3.23)	0.55 (0.14, 2.18)	0.86 (0.39, 1.92)	0.42 (0.17, 1.05)	0.64 (0.24, 1.70)	1.18 (0.45, 3.09)	0.63 (0.28, 1.40)	0.86 (0.39, 1.89)	0.94 (0.39, 2.31)	0.39 (0.16, 0.98)	0.83 (0.52, 1.32)
$50 k‐<75 k	1.01 (0.29, 3.50)	1.96 (0.53, 7.22)	0.32 (0.05, 2.09)	0.27 (0.06, 1.24)	0.08 (0.01, 0.52)	0.35 (0.08, 1.56)	0.88 (0.23, 3.45)	0.87 (0.26, 2.96)	1.92 (0.62, 5.95)	0.94 (0.21, 4.28)	0.26 (0.04, 1.77)	0.71 (0.31, 1.64)
$75 k+	0.36 * (0.13, 0.96)	0.45 (0.16, 1.27)	0.46 (0.09, 2.28)	0.31 (0.09, 1.04)	0.05 (0.01, 0.18)	0.18 * (0.05, 0.66)	0.37 (0.10, 1.40)	0.29 * (0.10, 0.79)	0.41 (0.17, 1.01)	0.40 (0.13, 1.27)	0.12 (0.02, 0.54)	0.26 * (0.14 0.46)
Country of birth
US/Puerto Rico	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Foreign‐born	1.72 (0.86, 3.46)	3.01 * (1.43, 6.36)	0.35 (0.11, 1.11)	0.50 (0.20, 1.22)	0.58 (0.22, 1.53)	1.42 (0.58, 3.44)	1.59 (0.65, 3.91)	1.06 (0.50, 2.25)	0.52 (0.26, 1.04)	0.58 (0.25, 1.32)	0.94 (0.35, 2.56)	0.79 (0.50, 1.24)

Nationally representative sample of Latino adults ages 18+.

Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval; OR, Odds ratio.

^aIndividual questions only asked among a randomized half sample of respondents. Logistic regression models also control for the following variables not shown: gender (male/female), age (18‐29, 30‐49, 50‐64, 65+), area of residence (urban, suburban, rural), whether you live in a neighborhood that is predominantly Latino (Yes/No), and US region of residence (South, Northeast, Midwest, West). Models for health care outcomes also adjust for insurance status (uninsured, Medicaid insured, non‐Medicaid insured). Don't know/refused responses coded as missing.

^bJobs question only asked among respondents who have ever applied for a job.

^cEqual pay question only asked among respondents who have ever been employed for pay.

^dCollege application/attendance was only asked among respondents who have ever applied for college or attended college for any amount of time.

^eHousing question only asked among respondents who have ever tried to rent a room or apartment, or to apply for a mortgage or buy a home.

^fOrdinal logistic regression model with experiencing discrimination in 0‐7 institutional domains as the outcome; individual questions only asked among a randomized half sample of respondents, so the maximum number of times a respondent could report experiencing discrimination in institutional questions was 7.

^*Significant at P < .05 (shown in bold font).

Bold denotes statistical significance at P < .05.