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. 2019 Aug 28;19(5):321–324. doi: 10.1177/1535759719871315

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© The Author(s) 2019

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work as published without adaptation or alteration, without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

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Figure 1. — Staggered expression of N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors and excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs) establishes a brief window during development characterized by elevated ambient glutamate concentrations and depolarization of parvalbumin (PV) interneurons. (A) Shortly after birth, PV interneuron expression of GluN2C/D subunit-containing NMDA receptors and astrocytic expression of EAATs is low. The low EAAT expression results in elevated ambient glutamate concentrations (eg, day 3). Soon thereafter, NMDA receptor expression by PV interneurons is upregulated, and ambient glutamate promotes their activation (eg, day 8). Later, as EAAT expression is upregulated, ambient glutamate concentrations decrease, resulting in weaker NMDA receptor activation (eg, day 11). The transient depolarization provided by high ambient glutamate concentration occurs during days 7 to 9 and appears critical for the development of a healthy adult PV interneuron (eg, day 21). (B) Graphical representation of the developmental profiles of EAAT expression (top), ambient glutamate (middle, top), NMDA receptor expression (middle, bottom), and PV interneuron membrane potential (bottom).