Table 1.
Summary of results of TiO2 nanoparticles and N-doped TiO2 nanoparticles with respect to their characterization techniques and therapeutic potential.
| Methods of Characterization and Biological Potential | TiO2 Nanoparticles | N-doped TiO2 Nanoparticles |
|---|---|---|
| Characterization | ||
| XRD | Size: 25 nm | Size: 17.5 nm |
| SEM | Morphology: Spherical but lesser clarity of shape due to more aggregation | Morphology: Spherical and more clarity of shape due to lesser aggregation |
| EDX | O: 73.42% | O: 63.95% |
| Ti: 26.58% | Ti: 35.32% | |
| - | N: 0.73% | |
| TEM | Size: 20–25 nm | Size: 10–15 nm |
| Biological Potential | ||
| Antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria: |
Zone of Inhibition Gram-positive bacteria: |
Zone of Inhibition Gram-positive bacteria: |
| Bacillus subtilis | 9 mm | 12 mm |
| Staphylococcus aureus methicillin resistant | 8 mm | 11 mm |
| Staphylococcus aureus resistant | 6 mm | 9 mm |
| Streptococcus haemoliticus | 8 mm | 9 mm |
| Gram-negative bacteria: | Gram-negative bacteria: | Gram-negative bacteria: |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 10 mm | 15 mm |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | 11 mm | 17 mm |
| Escherichia coli resistant | 10 mm | 15 mm |
| Pneumococcal aeruginosa | 8 mm | 13 mm |
| Antifungal activity against Aspergillus flavus | Zone of Inhibition: 7 mm | Zone of Inhibition: 11 mm |
| Antioxidant activity | ||
| TAC | 48.9 µgAAE/mg | 69.1 µgAAE/mg |
| TRP | 41.2 µgAAE/mg | 65.5 µgAAE/mg |
| % DPPH Inhibition | 50.8% | 73.6% |
| Antidiabetic activity against alpha amylase enzyme | % of Inhibition: 24.8% | % of Inhibition: 38.2% |
| Protein kinase inhibitory activity | Zone of Inhibition: 12 mm | Zone of Inhibition: 16 mm |
| Cytotoxic activity at | % of mortality | % of mortality |
| 12.5 µg/mL | 30% | 40% |
| 25 µg/mL | 45% | 60% |
| 50 µg/mL | 70% | 80% |