Table 5.
Commercially available optical sensors.
| Target Analyte |
Measurement Principle |
Measuring Range |
Features | Company | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arsenic | Kit-based colorimetric | 0 to 500 ppb | Easy-to-use, effective way |
Hach | [162] |
| Arsenic | Kit-based colorimetric | 0 to 500 ppb | Result in 12 min, 100 tests per kit |
FilterWater.com | [163] |
| Arsenic | Kit-based digital colorimetric |
2 to 100 ppb | Reaction time 20 mins |
Palintest Water analysis technology |
[164] |
| Arsenic | Atomic fluorescence spectrometry |
10 ppt | Easy-to-learn and easy-to-use system, can be automated |
P S Analytical | [165] |
| Lead, thallium, mercury, cadmium iron, nickel, and zinc |
Color-based visual detection |
Not specified | Simple to use, results in 15 to 60 s, low-cost analysis |
ChemSee | [166] |
| Nitrate | Portable photometer | 0.0 to 30.0 ppm | Easy to use, not suitable for seawater |
HANNA instruments |
[167] |
| Nitrate | UV absorbance with |
0 to 50 mg/L | Modern communication systems allow data to be accessed in real-time |
HydroMetrics | [168] |
| Nitrate | UV absorbance with |
0.05 to 200 mg/L | Access with web browser, optional anti-fouling wiper, flexible sensor options |
OTT ecoN | [169] |
|
C. jejuni, C. coli, C. upsaliensis, and C. lari |
PCR-campylobacter detection kit |
Not specified | Specific, rapid, and reliable detection; amplification limit of one copy per reaction; ready-to-use kit |
BioVision | [170] |