. 2019 Oct 23;24(21):3826. doi: 10.3390/molecules24213826

Table 2.

Content of triterpenoids in cuticular waxes during bilberry Vaccinium myrtillus fruit development.

Compound	Content [mg/g Wax Extract ± SD]
Compound	May	June	July
α-amyrin/lupeol	6.46 ± 0.66^a	8.74 ± 0.88^a	10.35 ± 0.91^a
α-amyrenone	1.9 ± 0.10^a	2.81 ± 0.16^b	3.15 ± 0.30^b
β-amyrin	7.70 ± 0.53^a	9.64 ± 0.63^b	10.92 ± 1.15^b
β-amyrenone	3.92 ± 0.28^a	4.22 ± 0.35^a	4.71 ± 0.43^a
friedours-7-en-3-ol	4.81 ± 0.35^a	5.09 ± 0.44^a	5.68 ± 0.48^a
taraxasterol	4.80 ± 0.29^a	4.96 ± 0.28^a	5.12 ± 0.50^a
Sum of neutral pentacyclic triterpenoids	29.59	35.46	39.93
oleanolic acid	131.95 ± 11.84^a	153.90 ± 14.65^a	105.09 ± 8.81^b
ursolic acid	115.92 ± 10.01^a	121.05 ± 12.82^a	91.47±5.09^b
3-oxo-oleanolic acid	0.95 ± 0.01^a	3.14 ± 0.28^b	4.85 ± 0.30^c
3-oxo-ursolic acid	1.82 ± 0.12^a	6.34 ±0.58^b	14.31 ± 1.03^c
maslinic acid	0.31 ± 0.01^a	4.85 ± 0.41^b	11.87 ± 0.65^c
corosolic acid	2.47 ± 0.25^a	2.66 ± 0.12^a	3.34 ± 0.22^b
oleanolic acid acetate	2.10 ± 0.18^a	24.59 ± 1.35^b	45.46 ± 1.66^c
Sum of triterpenoid acids	255.52	316.53	276.39
campesterol	4.35 ± 0.39^a	2.48 ± 0.22^b	3.95 ± 0.38^a
cycloartanol	4.14 ± 0.36^a	1.37 ± 0.10^b	3.95 ± 0.35^a
24-methylenecycloartanol	4.06 ± 0.38^a	2.19 ± 0.15^b	3.84 ± 0.28^a
sitostanol	4.08 ± 0.30^a	2.63 ± 0.24^b	4.78 ± 0.40^a
sitosterol	43.12 ± 4.06^a	28.08 ± 2.60^b	40.83 ± 4.02^a
stigmasterol	3.06 ± 0.28^a	0.91 ± 0.08^b	2.90 ± 0.23^a
tremulone	8.38 ± 0.74^a	8.95 ± 0.83^a	10.16 ± 1.08^a
Sum of steroids	71.19	46.61	70.41
esters:
α-amyrin	0.08 ± 0.01^a	0.24 ± 0.02^b	0.28 ± 0.03^b
β-amyrin	0.16 ± 0.01^a	0.48 ± 0.05^b	0.55 ± 0.06^b
24-methylenecycloartanol	0.23 ± 0.02^a	0.57 ± 0.06^b	0.69 ± 0.06^b
oleanolic acid	0.95 ± 0.08^a	1.60 ± 0.15^b	1.72 ± 0.16^b
ursolic acid	0.70 ± 0.05^a	1.24 ± 0.11^b	1.3 ± 0.14^b
sitosterol	0.99 ± 0.07^a	1.70 ± 0.16^b	1.95 ± 0.20^b
stigmasterol	tr.	tr.	0.12 ± 0.01
Sum of esters	2.12	5.83	6.69
Total	358.42	404.43	393.42

Results as referenced to wax extract mass and expressed as the mean ± SD of three independent samples analyzed in triplicate. Results in rows not sharing a common letter are significantly different (p < 0.05).