. 2019 Oct 23;24(21):3826. doi: 10.3390/molecules24213826

Table 3.

Content of triterpenoids in cuticular waxes during strawberry tree Arbutus unedo fruit development.

Compound	Content [mg/g Wax Extract ± SD]
Compound	Green	Yellow	Red
α-amyrin/lupeol	246.32 ± 26.84^a	235.41 ± 24.10^a	227.65 ± 30.67^a
β-amyrin	78.29 ± 6.61^a	76.09 ± 7.10^a	73.58 ± 6.92^a
α-amyrenone	3.38 ± 0.42^a	3.84 ± 0.36^a	4.97 ± 0.45^b
β-amyrenone	2.75 ± 0.21^a	3.49 ± 0.33^b	4.30 ± 0.39^c
betulin	0.73 ± 0.08^a	1.07 ± 0.10^b	1.35 ± 0.11^c
erythrodiol	1.12 ± 0.10^a	1.14 ± 0.12^a	1.18 ± 0.12^a
hopenone	12.97 ± 1.35^a	13.58 ± 1.44^a	13.87 ± 1.45^a
lupeol acetate	6.90 ± 0.72^a	6.44 ± 0.58^a	5.86 ± 0.60^a
moretenol	15.41 ± 1.65^a	15.04 ± 1.48^a	13.39 ± 1.43^a
oleandione	1.02 ± 0.10^a	0.90 ± 0.08^a	0.76 ± 0.08^a
oleanolic aldehyde	3.62 ± 0.34^a	3.88 ± 0.42^a	4.35 ± 0.45^a
taraxasterol	51.85 ± 4.80^a	56.34 ± 5.26^a	58.05 ± 6.01^a
ursolic aldehyde	10.65 ± 1.09^a	11.47 ± 1.11^a	11.86 ± 1.20^a
uvaol	2.74 ± 0.26^a	3.16 ± 0.32^a	3.77 ± 0.40^a
Sum of neutral pentacyclic triterpenoids	438.90	431.85	424.94
oleanolic acid	30.81 ± 2.95	26.79 ± 2.50	11.54 ± 2.02
ursolic acid	157.15 ± 17.01	141.96 ± 16.06	87.52 ± 8.22
olean-2,12-dien-28-oic acid	n.d.	0.32 ± 0.01	0.13 ± 0.01
ursa-2,12-dien-28-oic acid	n.d.	1.33 ± 0.11	0.61 ± 0.05
3-oxo-oleanolic acid	0.58 ± 0.01	0.31 ± 0.01	n.d.
3-oxo-ursolic acid	1.78 ± 0.18	0.83 ± 0.09	0.62 ± 0.05
maslinic acid	1.85 ± 0.20	0.91 ± 0.10	0.17 ± 0.01
corosolic acid	0.74 ± 0.08	n.d.	n.d.
pomolic acid	3.76 ± 0.34	n.d.	n.d.
Sum of triterpenoid acids	196.67	173.18	100.59
campesterol	0.91 ± 0.10^a	0.76 ± 0.08^a	1.43 ± 0.11^b
cycloartanol	1.15 ± 0.11^a	0.73 ± 0.07^b	1.37 ± 0.12^a
sitosterol	9.99 ± 0.89^a	7.86 ± 0.82^b	13.58 ± 0.14^c
stigmasterol	0.19 ± 0.02^a	0.17 ± 0.02^a	0.50 ± 0.04^cb
tremulone	2.45 ± 0.21^a	2.19 ± 0.20^a	2.47 ± 0.23^a
Sum of steroids	14.69	11.71	19.35
esters:
α-amyrin	4.76 ± 0.52^a	5.20 ± 0.48^a	5.92 ± 0.62^a
β-amyrin	0.81 ± 0.08^a	1.08 ± 0.10^a	1.12 ± 0.10^a
taraxasterol	0.64 ± 0.07^a	0.79 ± 0.08^a	0.86 ± 0.09^a
oleanolic acid	0.54 ± 0.06^a	0.65 ± 0.06^a	0.78 ± 0.08^a
ursolic acid	0.52 ± 0.05^a	0.83 ± 0.08^b	1.04 ± 0.10^b
sitosterol	0.95 ± 0.10^a	0.88 ± 0.09^a	1.23 ± 0.12^b
Sum of esters	8.22	9.43	11.05
Total	658.48	626.17	555.93

Results as referenced to wax extract mass and expressed as the mean ± SD of three independent samples analyzed in triplicate. Results in rows not sharing a common letter are significantly different (p < 0.05).