Table 2.
Catalytic activity of Cu/TiO2 materials in trans-ferulic acid oxidation to vanillin using hydrogen peroxide as green oxidant.
| Catalyst | Conversion (%) | Selectivity (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2-Methoxy- 4-Vinylphenol |
Vanillin | 2-Methoxy- 4-Propylphenol |
||
| Blank | >99.9 | >99.9 | - | - |
| TiO2 | >99.9 | >94.2 | 5.7 | - |
| 0.01Cu/TiO2 | >99.9 | 82.7 | 12.5 | 4.8 |
| 0.03Cu/TiO2 | >99.9 | 75.5 | 19.3 | 5.2 |
| 0.05Cu/TiO2 | >99.9 | 60.1 | 34.3 | 5.6 |
| 0.3Cu/TiO2 | >99.9 | 36.1 | 60.7 | 3.2 |
| 1Cu/TiO2 | >99.9 | 48.8 | 49.3 | 1.9 |
Reaction conditions: 0.1 g of catalyst; 5 mmol of trans-ferulic acid; 1.2 mL H2O2 (50% v/v solution); and 8 mL acetonitrile at 90 °C, 30 min reaction.