Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics
| Variable | UHR‐individuals (N = 116) | Healthy controls (N = 49) | p‐value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Percent/mean (SD) | Percent/mean (SD) | ||
| Age mean (SD) | 23.8 (4.2) | 24.4 (3.4) | .37 |
| Gender (percent) | .87 | ||
| Male/female | 47.4/52.6 | 44.9/55.1 | |
| Parental SES (percent) | .35 | ||
| Low | 10.3 | 4.1 | |
| Medium | 37.1 | 34.7 | |
| High | 52.6 | 61.2 | |
| Ethnicity (percent) | .35 | ||
| High‐income countries | 91.0 | 95.9 | |
| Low‐income countries | 9.0 | 4.1 | |
| BMI mean (SD) | 23.4 (4.7) | 23.3 (3.2) | .87 |
| Handedness (percent) | .50 | ||
| Right | 86.2 | 87.8 | |
| Left | 13.8 | 12.2 | |
| Function | |||
| SOFAS mean (SD) | 55.1 (11.0) | 89.0 (4.9) | <.01 |
| Alcohol consumption (last year) (percent) | .02 | ||
| Daily | 1.8 | 4.1 | |
| Weekly | 30.6 | 44.9 | |
| Monthly | 38.7 | 46.9 | |
| Once/twice | 15.3 | 4.1 | |
| Never | 13.5 | 0.0 | |
| Tobacco smoking (last year) (percent) | <.01 | ||
| Daily | 42.9 | 2.0 | |
| Weekly | 5.4 | 8.2 | |
| Monthly | 4.5 | 6.1 | |
| Once/twice | 4.5 | 2.0 | |
| Never | 42.9 | 81.6 | |
| Cannabis smoking (last year) (percent) | .47 | ||
| Daily | 2.8 | 0.0 | |
| Weekly | 4.6 | 4.3 | |
| Monthly | 6.4 | 4.3 | |
| Once/twice | 15.6 | 26.1 | |
| Never | 70.6 | 65.2 | |
| Medication (percent) | |||
| Antipsychotic‐naive | 57.8 | 100.0 | |
| All medication naive | 26.7 | 100.0 | |
| Current antipsychotic | 32.8 | 0.0 | |
| Current antidepressant | 27.6 | 0.0 | |
| Current mood‐stabilizers | 5.2 | 0.0 | |
| Current benzodiazepines | 7.8 | 0.0 | |
| Diagnose of lifetime abuse | 7.8 | 0.0 | |
| Diagnose of currenta abuse | 0.9 | 0.0 | |
| Diagnose of lifetime dependency | 9.5 | 0.0 | |
| Diagnose of currenta dependency | 0.9 | 0.0 | ‐ |
| Medication naive and no substance abuse or dependency | 24.1 | 100.0 | |
| CAARMS subgroups (percent) | |||
| APS | 98.2 | 0.0 | |
| BLIPS | 2.6 | 0.0 | |
| TS vulnerability | 23.7 | 0.0 | |
| Diagnoses (percent) | |||
| Affective disorder | 54.3 | 0.0 | |
| Anxiety disorder | 46.6 | 0.0 | |
| Personality disorder | 34.5 | 0.0 | |
| Other diagnoses | 18.1 | 0.0 | |
| ≥3 diagnoses | 40.0 | 0.0 |
Note: Table 1 shows the demographic and clinical characteristics for UHR and HC.
Abbreviations: APS, attenuated psychotic symptoms; BLIPS, brief limited intermittent psychotic symptoms; BMI, body‐mass index; CAARMS, comprehensive assessment of at‐risk mental state; SD, standard deviation; SES, socioeconomic status; SOFAS, social and occupational function assessment scale; TS, trait and state; UHR, ultra‐high risk.
a
Current = the last month.