Fig. 2.

The effect of β₂-agonists on exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in the IPD analysis. Each dot indicates one participant. The exercise-induced FEV₁ decline after placebo is shown on the horizontal axis. The absolute effect of a β₂-agonist is defined as the percentage point (pp) difference in the FEV₁ declines after placebo and after β₂-agonist, and is shown on the vertical axis, compare with Fig. 1. Lack of any effect of β₂-agonist is indicated by the horizontal dashed line at the level of 0 pp., corresponding also to the relative effect of 0% (i.e. the FEV₁ decline after β₂-agonist is identical to the FEV₁ decline after placebo treatment). Full removal of exercise-induced FEV₁ decline is indicated by the upper diagonal dashed line corresponding to the relative effect of 100% (i.e. the FEV₁ decline after placebo treatment is fully reversed after β₂-agonist treatment). The mean absolute effect, defined by the intercept alone, is shown by the horizontal solid line at the level of 28 pp. The mean relative effect, defined by the slope alone, is shown by the diagonal solid line at the level of 90%. Abbreviations: pp., percentage points