Official websites use .gov
A
.gov website belongs to an official
government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you've safely
connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive
information only on official, secure websites.
Boxplots of (A) hemoglobin, (B) methemoglobin, (C) betacarotene, (D) mie scattering slope, (E) scattering at 800 nm, and (F) mie-to-rayleigh scattering fraction for each tissue type during 45 pedicle screw breaches (n = 1615). For scattering parameters, *** indicates P < 0.001 and ** indicates P < 0.01. Other parameters were not tested statistically, as indicated in the Materials and Methods section. Abbreviations: PCZ = Pre-cortical zone
