Table III.
Clinical characteristics of 133 patients with melanoma consecutively enrolled, and comparison between the two genetic subgroups of IL-1RN VNTR 2/L genotypes (n=60) and all other genotypes (n=73).
| Characteristics | All patients with melanoma (n=133) | 2/L genotype (n=60) | Non-2/L genotypes (n=73) | OR (CI), 2/L vs. Non-2/L | P-value, 2/L vs. Non-2/L |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age <50 years, n (%) | 29 (21.8) | 13 (21.7) | 16 (21.9) | 0.98 (0.43–2.25) | 0.972 |
| Age at study enrolment, years, mean ± SD | 60.8±12.7 | 61.1±12.9 | 60.7±12.7 | – | 0.788a |
| Age at melanoma diagnosis, years, mean ± SD | 54.2±13.7 | 54.4±13.5 | 54.0±14.0 | – | 0.781a |
| Time from melanoma diagnosis, years, mean ± SD | 6.7±4.1 | 6.7±4.4 | 6.6±3.9 | – | 0.754a |
| Females, n (%) | 58 (43.6) | 26 (43.3) | 32 (43.8) | 0.98 (0.49–1.95) | 0.954 |
| Males, n (%) | 75 (56.4) | 34 (56.7) | 41 (56.2) | 1.02 (0.51–2.03) | 0.954 |
| All grand-parents born in FVG | 96 (72.2) | 43 (71.7) | 53 (72.6) | 0.95 (0.45–2.04) | 0.905 |
| BMI, kg/m2, mean ± SD | 25.8±3.97 | 26.1±4.0 | 25.6±4.0 | – | 0.643a |
| BMI >30 kg/m2, n (%) | 22 (16.5) | 11 (18.3) | 11 (15.1) | 1.26 (0.51–3.16) | 0.614 |
| High school, n (%) | 60 (45.1) | 27 (45.0) | 33 (45.2) | 0.99 (0.50–1.97) | 0.981 |
| Graduation, n (%) | 15 (11.3) | 5 (8.3) | 10 (13.7) | 0.57 (0.18–1.78) | 0.330 |
| Present smoker, n (%) | 12 (9.0) | 4 (6.7) | 8 (11.0) | 0.58 (0.17–2.03) | 0.390 |
| Past smoker, n (%) | 53 (39.8) | 25 (41.7) | 28 (38.4) | 1.15 (0.57–2.30) | 0.698 |
| Ever smoker, n (%) | 65 (48.9) | 29 (48.3) | 36 (49.3) | 0.96 (0.48–1.90) | 0.910 |
| ≥20 cigarettes ever in all subjects, n (%) | 40 (30.1) | 17 (28.3) | 23 (31.5) | 0.86 (0.41–1.81) | 0.691 |
| Phototype number | 2.4±0.7 | 2.5±0.7 | 2.3±0.6 | – | 0.146a |
| Phototype 1 and 2, n (%) | 77 (57.9) | 30 (50.0) | 47 (64.4) | 0.55 (0.28–1.11) | 0.095g |
| Nevi > 50, n (%) | 66 (49.6) | 35 (58.3) | 31 (42.5) | 1.90 (0.95–3.79) | 0.069g |
| Burns over 5, n (%) | 71 (53.4) | 32 (53.3) | 39 (53.4) | 1.00 (0.50–1.98) | 0.992 |
| NMetM, n (%) | 72 (54.1) | 34 (56.7) | 38 (52.1) | 1.20 (0.61–2.39) | 0.595 |
| Stage I, n (%) | 52 (39.1) | 24 (40.0) | 28 (38.4) | 1.07 (0.53–2.16) | 0.847 |
| Stage II, n (%) | 19 (14.3) | 9 (15.0) | 10 (13.7) | 1.11 (0.42–2.94) | 0.831 |
| Stage III, n (%) | 38 (28.6) | 19 (31.7) | 19 (26.0) | 1.32 (0.62–2.80) | 0.474 |
| Stage IV, n (%) | 24 (18.0) | 8 (13.3) | 16 (21.9) | 0.55 (0.22–1.39) | 0.200 |
| Trunk, n (%) | 75 (56.4) | 36 (60.0) | 39 (53.4) | 1.31 (0.65–2.61) | 0.447 |
| Upper limb, n (%) | 9 (6.8) | 5 (8.3) | 4 (5.5) | 1.57 (0.40–6.12) | 0.731 |
| Lower limb, n (%) | 28 (21.1) | 11 (18.3) | 17 (23.3) | 0.74 (0.32–1.73) | 0.486 |
| Hands/feet, n (%) | 8 (6.0) | 3 (5.0) | 5 (6.8) | 0.72 (0.16–3.13) | 0.729 |
| Head/neck, n (%) | 13 (9.8) | 5 (8.3) | 8 (11.0) | 0.74 (0.23–2.39) | 0.612 |
| Superficial spreading, n (%) | 70 (52.6) | 31 (51.7) | 39 (53.4) | 0.93 (0.47–1.85) | 0.840 |
| Nodular, n (%) | 45 (33.8) | 23 (38.3) | 22 (30.1) | 1.44 (0.70–2.96) | 0.320 |
| Acral lentiginous, n (%) | 5 (3.8) | 1 (1.7) | 4 (5.5) | 0.29 (0.03–2.69) | 0.378 |
| Lentigo maligna, n (%) | 2 (1.5) | 0 (−)b | 2 (2.7) | 0.97 (0.94–1.01) | 0.501 |
| Spitzoide, n (%) | 5 (3.8) | 4 (6.7) | 1 (1.4) | 5.14 (0.56–47.3) | 0.174 |
| Others, n (%) | 9 (6.8) | 3 (5.0) | 6 (8.2) | 0.59 (0.14–2.46) | 0.512 |
| Breslow thickness, mm, mean ± SD | 2.05±1.85 | 2.17±2.12 | 1.95±1.61 | – | 0.871a |
| Clark I, n (%) | 2 (1.5)c | 0 (−)b,d | 2 (2.8) | 0.97 (0.93–1.01) | 0.501 |
| Clark II, n (%) | 32 (24.4)c | 15 (25.4)d | 17 (23.6)e | 1.10 (0.50–2.45) | 0.810 |
| Clark III, n (%) | 24 (18.3)c | 9 (15.3)d | 15 (20.8)e | 0.68 (0.27–1.70) | 0.411 |
| Clark IV, n (%) | 67 (51.1)c | 33 (55.9)d | 34 (47.2)e | 1.42 (0.71–2.83) | 0.321 |
| Clark V, n (%) | 4 (3.1)c | 1 (1.7)d | 3 (4.2)e | 0.40 (0.04–3.92) | 0.627 |
| Ulceration, n (%) | 51 (38.3) | 26 (43.3) | 25 (34.2) | 1.47 (0.73–2.97) | 0.284 |
| Mitosis >1, n (%) | 83 (63.4)c | 39 (66.1)d | 44 (61.1)e | 1.24 (0.60–2.54) | 0.555 |
| Regression, n (%) | 20 (15.3)c | 9 (15.3)d | 11 (15.3)e | 1.00 (0.38–2.60) | 0.997 |
| Brisk positive TILs, n (%) | 38 (29.0)c | 17 (28.8)d | 21 (29.2)e | 0.98 (0.46–2.10) | 0.965 |
| Non-brisk TILs, n (%) | 47 (35.9)c | 25 (42.4)d | 22 (30.6)e | 1.67 (0.81–3.43) | 0.161 |
| TILs absence, n (%) | 45 (34.4)c | 17 (28.8)d | 28 (38.9)e | 0.64 (0.30–1.33) | 0.227 |
| Microsatellitosis, n (%) | 5 (3.8)c | 2 (3.4)d | 3 (4.2)e | 0.81 (0.13–5.00) | 1.000 |
| Epithelioid variant, n (%) | 37 (28.0)f | 14 (23.3) | 23 (31.9)e | 0.65 (0.30–1.41) | 0.273 |
| Fusate variant, n (%) | 13 (9.8)f | 6 (10.0) | 7 (9.7)e | 1.03 (0.33–3.25) | 0.957 |
| Small cell variant, n (%) | 2 (1.5)f | 0 (−)b | 2 (2.8)e | 0.97 (0.93–1.01) | 0.500 |
| More than 1 melanoma, n (%) | 20 (15.0) | 10 (16.7) | 10 (13.7) | 1.26 (0.49–3.26) | 0.634 |
| Additional non-melanoma skin cancer, n (%) | 22 (16.5) | 7 (11.7) | 15 (20.5) | 0.51 (0.19–1.35) | 0.170 |
| Additional non-skin cancer, n (%) | 29 (21.8) | 11 (18.3) | 18 (24.7) | 0.69 (0.29–1.59) | 0.379 |
| Concurrent thyroid disease, n (%) | 16 (12.0) | 8 (13.3) | 8 (11.0) | 1.25 (0.44–3.56) | 0.675 |
| Melanoma familiarity, n (%) | 18 (13.5) | 10 (16.7) | 8 (11.0) | 1.62 (0.60–4.42) | 0.338 |
a
Two-tailed Mann-Whitney U-test.
b
Uncountable because the group contained no subjects.
c
Data were available for 131 patients.
d
Data were available for 59 patients.
e
Data were available for 72 patients.
f
Data were available for 132 patients.
g
Significant tendencies. BMI, body mass index; FVG, Friuli Venezia-Giulia; IL-1RN, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist gene; OR, odds ratio; TILs, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes; VNTR, variable number tandem repeat.