Table 2.
Regions that showed probability of positive activation above 0.8 during reward anticipation (A) and significant changes in functional connectivity with thalamus and VS during reward anticipation (B)
| Region | Cluster size (voxels) | Peak | MNI (x,y,z) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. Probabilistic map | ||||||||
| 1 | >0.9 | >0.8 | P (t) | |||||
| Superior frontal gyrus (L) | 5 | 31 | 49 | 1 (32.54) | −30 | −7 | 67 | |
| Superior frontal gyrus (R) | 7 | 61 | 88 | 1 (32.17) | 36 | −4 | 64 | |
| Middle frontal gyrus (L) | 6 | 15 | 39 | 1 (33.01) | −30 | −4 | 52 | |
| Middle frontal gyrus (R) | 24 | 35 | 56 | 1 (32.82) | 33 | −4 | 55 | |
| Olfactory cortex (L) | 3 | 6 | 6 | 1 (34.37) | −15 | 8 | −14 | |
| Olfactory cortex (R) | 3 | 4 | 6 | 1 (34.51) | 18 | 8 | −14 | |
| Thalamus (L) | 132 | 168 | 183 | 1 (49.00) | −12 | −19 | 10 | |
| Thalamus (R) | 126 | 159 | 165 | 1 (49.37) | 12 | −13 | 7 | |
| VS (L) | 5 | 6 | 8 | 1 (42.13) | −12 | 14 | −8 | |
| VS (R) | 4 | 5 | 6 | 1 (44.92) | 12 | 14 | −8 | |
| Insula (L) | 15 | 71 | 97 | 1 (34.77) | −30 | 26 | 4 | |
| Insula (R) | 21 | 74 | 87 | 1 (35.10) | 33 | 29 | 4 | |
| Caudate (L) | 39 | 62 | 83 | 1 (47.13) | −9 | 11 | −2 | |
| Caudate (R) | 57 | 94 | 112 | 1 (48.41) | 9 | 11 | 1 | |
| Pallidum (L) | 7 | 24 | 27 | 1 (40.07) | −12 | 8 | −2 | |
| Pallidum (R) | 6 | 20 | 23 | 1 (35.14) | 12 | 5 | −2 | |
| Putamen (L) | 32 | 93 | 119 | 1 (42.49) | −15 | 11 | −8 | |
| Putamen (R) | 17 | 65 | 101 | 1 (42.29) | 18 | 17 | −8 | |
| Midbrain (L) | 95 | 133 | 157 | 1 (44.04) | −6 | −25 | −5 | |
| Midbrain (R) | 77 | 130 | 147 | 1 (47.04) | 6 | −25 | −5 | |
| Anterior cingulate gyri (L) | 6 | 28 | 42 | 1 (30.05) | −6 | 20 | 28 | |
| Anterior cingulate gyri (R) | 4 | 28 | 53 | 1 (29.71) | 6 | 23 | 28 | |
| Supplementary motor area (L) | 129 | 180 | 199 | 1 (43.14) | −6 | 5 | 49 | |
| Supplementary motor area (R) | 131 | 205 | 225 | 1 (42.71) | 6 | 5 | 49 | |
| Precentral gyrus (L) | 132 | 245 | 303 | 1 (36.72) | −36 | −25 | 61 | |
| Precentral gyrus (R) | 109 | 214 | 276 | 1 (34.88) | 42 | −16 | 52 | |
| Precuneus (L) | 6 | 45 | 72 | 1 (30.62) | −12 | −73 | 46 | |
| Precuneus (R) | 8 | 40 | 69 | 1 (30.65) | 15 | −73 | 46 | |
| Median cingulate gyri (L) | 58 | 119 | 144 | 1 (38.15) | −6 | 8 | 40 | |
| Median cingulate gyri (R) | 73 | 155 | 213 | 1 (39.86) | 6 | 11 | 43 | |
| Postcentral gyrus (L) | 142 | 219 | 258 | 1 (36.49) | −42 | −19 | 52 | |
| Postcentral gyrus (R) | 22 | 131 | 202 | 1 (33.20) | 42 | −22 | 52 | |
| Inferior parietal gyrus (L) | 14 | 149 | 200 | 1 (32.09) | −30 | −49 | 49 | |
| Inferior parietal gyrus (R) | 0 | 20 | 48 | 0.98 (25.85) | 30 | −49 | 49 | |
| Superior parietal gyrus (L) | 35 | 139 | 181 | 1 (30.20) | −15 | −70 | 52 | |
| Superior parietal gyrus (R) | 5 | 53 | 101 | 1 (31.55) | 12 | −70 | 52 | |
| Cuneus (L) | 2 | 11 | 27 | 1 (28.85) | 0 | −82 | 16 | |
| Cuneus (R) | 2 | 17 | 37 | 1 (28.89) | 18 | −91 | 10 | |
| Lingual gyrus (L) | 58 | 110 | 133 | 1 (37.85) | −12 | −88 | −8 | |
| Lingual gyrus (R) | 49 | 99 | 137 | 1 (39.63) | 15 | −88 | −5 | |
| Calcarine (L) | 102 | 140 | 155 | 1 (40.21) | −12 | −91 | −5 | |
| Calcarine (R) | 62 | 111 | 143 | 1 (40.99) | 15 | −91 | −2 | |
| Fusiform gyrus (L) | 13 | 31 | 54 | 1 (35.59) | −18 | −88 | −8 | |
| Fusiform gyrus (R) | 6 | 24 | 38 | 1 (31.22) | 24 | −82 | −14 | |
| Inferior occipital gyrus (L) | 24 | 36 | 56 | 1 (36.92) | −30 | −88 | −8 | |
| Inferior occipital gyrus (R) | 7 | 22 | 38 | 1 (32.66) | 33 | −85 | −2 | |
| Middle occipital gyrus (L) | 71 | 128 | 172 | 1 (38.17) | −27 | −91 | 1 | |
| Middle occipital gyrus (R) | 9 | 53 | 90 | 1 (32.60) | 33 | −85 | 1 | |
| Superior occipital gyrus (L) | 17 | 50 | 68 | 1 (34.56) | −12 | −94 | 4 | |
| Superior occipital gyrus (R) | 2 | 45 | 69 | 1 (29.31) | 24 | −88 | 10 | |
| Cerebellum (L) | 178 | 562 | 756 | 1 (35.83) | −33 | −52 | −32 | |
| Cerebellum (R) | 222 | 537 | 698 | 1 (34.86) | 18 | −52 | −23 | |
| B. Connectivity map | ||||||||
| Thalamus (L) positive | ||||||||
| Lingual gyrus (L/R) | 1,208 | 9.63 | 9 | −88 | 16 | |||
| Calcarine (L/R) | ||||||||
| Cuneus (L/R) | ||||||||
| Supplementary motor area (L/R) | 174 | 7.16 | 3 | 2 | 64 | |||
| Dorsal cingulate gyri (L/R) | ||||||||
| Insula (L) | 25 | 5.76 | −33 | 14 | 10 | |||
| Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part (R) | 10 | 5.46 | 33 | 23 | −8 | |||
| Insula (L) | 13 | 5.38 | −45 | 2 | 4 | |||
| Thalamus (L) negative | ||||||||
| Inferior occipital gyrus (L) | 137 | 15.66 | −30 | −88 | −8 | |||
| Inferior occipital gyrus (R) | 165 | 15.04 | 21 | −88 | −11 | |||
| Postcentral gyrus (R) | 83 | 6.93 | 57 | −7 | 28 | |||
| Postcentral gyrus (L) | 67 | 6.55 | −51 | −10 | 31 | |||
| Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part (L) | 26 | 5.99 | −48 | 17 | 34 | |||
| Thalamus (R) positive | ||||||||
| Lingual gyrus (L/R) | 708 | 9.02 | 9 | −91 | 16 | |||
| Calcarine (L/R) | ||||||||
| Cuneus (L/R) | ||||||||
| Supplementary motor area (L/R) | 50 | 6.66 | 0 | 2 | 61 | |||
| Insula (L) | 33 | 6.23 | −33 | 17 | 10 | |||
| Dorsal cingulate gyri (L) | 24 | 5.66 | −6 | 14 | 37 | |||
| Insula (R) | 11 | 5.73 | 48 | 5 | 1 | |||
| Putamen (R) | 16 | 5.57 | 21 | 11 | 1 | |||
| Calcarine (R) | 10 | 5.07 | 24 | −64 | 13 | |||
| Thalamus (R) negative | ||||||||
| Inferior occipital gyrus (L) | 195 | 16.76 | −27 | −88 | −8 | |||
| Inferior occipital gyrus (R) | 171 | 15.18 | 33 | −85 | −8 | |||
| Postcentral gyrus (L) | 119 | 7.91 | −57 | −10 | 34 | |||
| Postcentral gyrus (R) | 108 | 7.3 | 60 | −7 | 28 | |||
| Middle frontal gyrus (L) | 73 | 6.25 | −42 | 14 | 31 | |||
| Angular gyrus (R) | 67 | 6.14 | 39 | −70 | 40 | |||
| Precuneus (R) | 31 | 6.01 | 6 | −61 | 49 | |||
| Postcentral gyrus (L) | 23 | 5.99 | −36 | −31 | 67 | |||
| Angular gyrus (L) | 68 | 5.72 | −33 | −67 | 37 | |||
| Middle frontal gyrus (L) | 15 | 5.36 | −33 | 17 | 55 | |||
| VS (L) positive | ||||||||
| Lingual gyrus (L/R) | 1,375 | 9.78 | 9 | −88 | 22 | |||
| Calcarine (L/R) | ||||||||
| Cuneus (L/R) | ||||||||
| Supplementary motor area (L/R) | 612 | 9.77 | 3 | 5 | 61 | |||
| Median cingulate gyri (L/R) | ||||||||
| Precentral gyrus (R) | 84 | 8.02 | 45 | −7 | 52 | |||
| Insula (L) | 40 | 7.67 | −30 | 20 | 10 | |||
| Precentral gyrus (L) | 84 | 7.37 | −42 | −7 | 55 | |||
| Putamen (R) | 85 | 7.33 | 21 | 14 | −2 | |||
| Median cingulate gyri (L) | 38 | 6.84 | −12 | −22 | 40 | |||
| Insula (L) | 48 | 6.55 | −45 | 11 | 1 | |||
| Thalamus (R) | 43 | 6.16 | 6 | −13 | −2 | |||
| Putamen (L) | 26 | 5.44 | −21 | 14 | −2 | |||
| Thalamus (L) | 16 | 6.05 | −6 | −22 | 4 | |||
| Superior temporal gyrus (L) | 11 | 5.66 | 51 | 11 | −2 | |||
| VS (L) negative | ||||||||
| Inferior occipital gyrus (L) | 103 | 15.26 | −21 | −91 | −5 | |||
| Inferior occipital gyrus (R) | 104 | 13.72 | 33 | −85 | −8 | |||
| Angular gyrus (L) | 67 | 7.16 | −42 | −73 | 37 | |||
| Postcentral gyrus (L) | 45 | 7.14 | −54 | −7 | 28 | |||
| Postcentral gyrus (R) | 83 | 6.99 | 57 | −7 | 28 | |||
| Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part (R) | 54 | 6.56 | 48 | 38 | 16 | |||
| Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part (L) | 51 | 6.52 | −45 | 17 | 34 | |||
| Middle frontal gyrus (L) | 59 | 6.40 | −30 | 23 | 55 | |||
| Superior frontal gyrus, medial orbital (R) | 41 | 5.99 | 6 | 47 | −11 | |||
| Superior frontal gyrus (R) | 37 | 5.86 | 30 | 26 | 55 | |||
| Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part (L) | 31 | 5.71 | −45 | 35 | 10 | |||
| Angular gyrus (R) | 19 | 6.02 | 45 | −67 | 40 | |||
| Superior temporal gyrus (R) | 17 | 5.77 | 57 | −10 | 4 | |||
| Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part (L) | 12 | 5.36 | −54 | 26 | 7 | |||
| Anterior cingulate gyri (L) | 11 | 4.98 | −6 | 38 | 1 | |||
| VS (R) positive | ||||||||
| Supplementary motor area (L/R) | 884 | 10.44 | 0 | −1 | 61 | |||
| Median cingulate gyri (L/R) | ||||||||
| Lingual gyrus (L/R) | 1,595 | 10.41 | 9 | −88 | 22 | |||
| Calcarine (L/R) | ||||||||
| Cuneus (L/R) | ||||||||
| Precentral gyrus (R) | 122 | 8.16 | 42 | −10 | 55 | |||
| Insula (L) | 119 | 7.85 | −33 | 20 | 10 | |||
| Thalamus (L) | 58 | 7.36 | −6 | −22 | 7 | |||
| Precentral gyrus (L) | 78 | 6.98 | −36 | −7 | 46 | |||
| Thalamus (R) | 89 | 6.66 | 6 | −16 | 1 | |||
| Insula (R) | 61 | 6.42 | 33 | 26 | 7 | |||
| Putamen (R) | 73 | 6.30 | 21 | 11 | −2 | |||
| Putamen (L) | 57 | 6.09 | −12 | 8 | −2 | |||
| Precentral gyrus (L) | 13 | 6.45 | −51 | −1 | 43 | |||
| Inferior parietal gyrus (L) | 11 | 5.46 | −24 | −52 | 52 | |||
| VS (R) negative | ||||||||
| Inferior occipital gyrus (L) | 107 | 14.61 | −30 | −88 | −8 | |||
| Inferior occipital gyrus (R) | 98 | 14.51 | 33 | −85 | −8 | |||
| Angular gyrus (L) | 38 | 7.33 | −42 | −73 | 34 | |||
| Postcentral gyrus (R) | 45 | 6.54 | 57 | −7 | 31 | |||
| Angular gyrus (R) | 28 | 6.08 | 48 | −67 | 37 | |||
| Postcentral gyrus (L) | 21 | 5.66 | −54 | −10 | 31 | |||
| Superior temporal gyrus (R) | 18 | 5.96 | 60 | −7 | 4 | |||
| Superior frontal gyrus, medial orbital (R) | 18 | 5.68 | 9 | 50 | −11 | |||
| Middle frontal gyrus (R) | 11 | 5.68 | 30 | 20 | 58 | |||
| Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part (L) | 13 | 5.61 | −39 | 17 | 31 | |||
| Middle frontal gyrus (L) | 14 | 5.31 | −30 | 23 | 55 | |||
| Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part (L) | 15 | 5.30 | −45 | 38 | −2 | |||
The number of voxels exceeding the threshold for probabilities of 0.8, 0.9, and 1 from each cluster are presented, in addition to the maximum t value and corresponding MNI coordinates. Main regions within the cluster, cluster size, peak t‐value within the cluster as well as the corresponding MNI coordinates for the clusters with cluster size above 10 are shown in the table (L, left; R, right; L/R, bilateral).