Table 2.
Group characteristics in Experiments I, II, and III
| Experiment I | Experiment II | Experiment III | F‐value | p‐value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Healthy participants (n = 46) | Healthy participants (n = 22) | Participants with Internet‐gaming disorder (n = 19) | Smokers (n = 13) | |||
| Sex (% male) | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | — | — |
| Agea – d (mean ± SD) | 23.8 ± 1.7 | 20.0 ± 1.6 | 20.5 ± 3.1 | 25.3 ± 2.7 | 28.56 | <.001 |
| Formal educationa – c , d , e (mean ± SD) | 17.0 ± 1.8 | 14.2 ± 1.6 | 12.3 ± 2.7 | 15.4 ± 2.1 | 27.16 | <.001 |
| Discounting rateb – d , f (mean ± SD) | −4.25 ± 0.74 | −4.16 ± 0.91 | −3.73 ± 0.72 | −3.07 ± 0.88 | 8.57 | <.001 |
| The number of delayed choices | 11~50 | 10~49 | 11~44 | 4~38 | — | — |
| The number of immediate choices | 10~49 | 11~50 | 16~48 | 21~56 | — | — |
a
Significant difference between Experiments I and II.
b
Significant difference between Experiments I and participants with Internet gaming disorder.
c
Significant difference between Experiments I and smokers.
Significant difference between Experiments II and smokers.
d
Significant difference between participants with Internet‐gaming disorder and smokers.
e
Significant difference between Experiment II and participants with Internet‐gaming disorder.
f
Log (discounting rate) transformed.