Table 1.
The list of studies included in the colocalization‐likelihood estimation (CLE) meta‐analysis
| Study | Participants (HIV+, HIV‐) | Cognitive performancea | Percentage taking ART | Percentage with suppressed VLb | Analysesc |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Castillo, Ernst, Cunningham, & Chang, 2018) | 35, 31 | N/A | 97.1% | Unknown | 2 |
| (Sanford et al., 2017) | 125, 62 | HIV+ impaired | 90% | 75% | 2, 3 |
| (Zhou et al., 2017) | 22, 22 | HIV+ unimpaired | 0% | Unknown | 1, 2 |
| (Underwood et al., 2017) | 134, 79 | HIV+ impaired | 100% | 100% | 2, 3 |
| (Clifford et al., 2017) | 38, 24 | 15 CI; 23 CN | 100% | 100% | 1, 2, 3, 4 |
| (Shin et al., 2017) | 22, 11 | 10 CI; 12 CN | 100% | 100% | 1, 2, 3, 4 |
| (Thames et al., 2017) | 48, 29 | HIV+ impaired | 100% | 50% | 2, 3 |
| (Paul et al., 2017) | 146, 34 | N/A | 12.7% | 2.75% | 2 |
| (Kuhn et al., 2017) | 59, 22 | N/A | 93.8% | 78% | 2 |
| (Wang et al., 2016) | 26, 26 | N/A | 34.6% | Unknown | 2 |
| (Corrêa et al., 2016) | 47, 19 | 34 CI; 13 CN | 100% | 95.7% | 1, 2, 3, 4 |
| (Spies et al., 2016) | 62, 62 | HIV+ impaired | 48.4% | 0% | 2, 3 |
| (Wilson et al., 2015) | 17, 17 | HIV+ impaired | 100% | 94.1% | 2, 3 |
| (Wade et al., 2015) | 63, 31 | HIV+ impaired | Unknownd | 61.9% | 2, 3 |
| (Heaps et al., 2015) | 74, 29 | 37 CI; 37 CN | 0% | Unknown | 1, 2, 3, 4 |
| (Clark et al., 2015) | 44, 44 | HIV+ unimpaired | 86.4% | 79.4% | 1, 2 |
| (Li, Li, Gao, Yuan, & Zhao, 2014) | 36, 33 | HIV+ unimpaired | 30.6% | Unknown | 1, 2 |
| (Pfefferbaum et al., 2014) | 51, 65 | HIV+ impaired | 80.4% | Unknown | 2, 3 |
| (Kallianpur et al., 2013) | 35, 12 | N/A | 100% | 28.6% | 2 |
| (Towgood et al., 2012) | 40, 42 | HIV+ unimpaired | 100% | 100% | 1, 2 |
| (Becker et al., 2012) | 81, 67 | HIV+ impaired | Unknowne | Unknown | 1, 2 |
| (Ragin et al., 2012) | 43, 21 | HIV+ impaired | 46.5% | Unknown | 2, 3 |
| (Küper et al., 2011) | 48, 48 | 28 CI; 20 CN | 93.8% | Unknown | 1, 3, 4 |
| (Castelo, Courtney, Melrose, & Stern, 2007) | 22, 22 | HIV+ impaired | 90.9% | 63.6% | 2, 3 |
| (Jernigan et al., 2005) | 52, 37 | HIV+ impaired | 69.2% | 100% | 2, 3 |
Cognitive Performance: N/A: the study did not include neurocognitive data; HIV+ Impaired: HIV+ adults met the HIV‐associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) definition if the study used the Frascati criteria to define neurocognitive status, or HIV+ adults performed significantly worse than controls in at least one neurocognitive test in the study that did not use the Frascati criteria to define neurocognitive status; HIV+ Unimpaired: HIV+ adults did not meet the HAND definition if the study used the Frascati criteria to define neurocognitive status, or HIV+ adults performed comparable to controls in all neurocognitive tests administered in the study that did not use the Frascati criteria to define neurocognitive status; CN and CI: the study used neurocognitive data to divide HIV+ adults into at least two groups, cognitively “normal” (CN), and cognitively “impaired” (CI). Different criteria might be used in different studies.
Different studies might have different definitions of viral load suppression. To avoid further complications, we simply used the same numbers provided in these studies regardless of how viral load suppression was defined in each individual study.
Analyses. This indicates whether a study was included in one of the four analyses: 1, HIV‐ controls versus cognitively “normal” HIV+ adults; 2, HIV‐ controls versus HIV+ adults (including cognitively “normal” HIV+ adults, cognitively “impaired” HIV+ adults, and those without neurocognitive data); 3, HIV‐ controls versus cognitively “impaired” HIV+ adults; 4, Cognitively “normal” HIV+ adults versus cognitively “impaired” HIV+ adults.
The average disease duration (estimated) was 20.4 years.
The subjects in this study were part of the MACS cohort, and the profile of the entire cohort can be found elsewhere (Becker et al., 2015).