Table 3.

Relation between different variables and birth outcome

Variables	n	r *	P‐value
Maternal retinol and birthweight	179	−0.172	0.022
Maternal retinol and birthweight†	69	−0.249	0.039
Cord retinol and birthweight	178	0.018	0.807
Maternal retinol and gestational age	130	−0.105	0.233
Maternal retinol and gestational age†	55	−0.163	0.235
Cord retinol and gestational age	128	−0.062	0.488
Educational level and birthweight	186	0.184	0.012
Substance use‡ and birthweight	185	−0.322	<0.0001

^* Spearman correlation coefficients.

^† Mothers with CRP > 5 mg/L excluded from the analysis.

^‡ Tobacco and alcohol use.