Table 5.
Results from multivariable logistic regression of neighbourhood characteristics on any breastfeeding ≥6 months adjusted for familial‐ and individual‐level factors
| Model 1 OR (95% CI) | Model 2 OR (95% CI) | Model 3 OR (95% CI) | Full adjustment OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IMD | ||||
| Highest quintile | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) |
| 2nd highest | 0.90 (0.75, 1.08) | 0.93 (0.78, 1.11) | 1.02 (0.86, 1.22) | 1.01 (0.85, 1.20) |
| Middle quintile | 0.63 (0.52, 0.76)*** | 0.67 (0.55, 0.82)*** | 0.89 (0.73, 1.08) | 0.85 (0.70, 1.04) |
| 2nd lowest | 0.49 (0.39, 0.61)*** | 0.55 (0.43, 0.69)*** | 0.85 (0.69, 1.06) | 0.79 (0.63, 0.99)* |
| Lowest quintile | 0.39 (0.29, 0.52)*** | 0.46 (0.34, 0.63)*** | 0.94 (0.70, 1.25) | 0.77 (0.58, 1.02) |
| Neighbourhood satisfaction | ||||
| Very satisfied | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | |
| Fairly satisfied | 0.90 (0.80, 1.02) | 0.97 (0.85, 1.10) | 0.98 (0.86, 1.11) | |
| Neither | 0.86 (0.68, 1.08) | 0.93 (0.73, 1.17) | 0.95 (0.75, 1.20) | |
| Fairly dissatisfied | 1.00 (0.80, 1.24) | 1.05 (0.83, 1.32) | 1.11 (0.88, 1.40) | |
| Very dissatisfied | 0.75 (0.56, 1.00) | 0.88 (0.66, 1.17) | 0.97 (0.73, 1.29) | |
| Neighbourhood friendliness | ||||
| Friendly | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | |
| Neither | 1.01 (0.87, 1.17) | 1.04 (0.90, 1.21) | 1.06 (0.91, 1.23) | |
| Unfriendly | 0.96 (0.69, 1.33) | 1.13 (0.80, 1.59) | 1.15 (0.81, 1.64) | |
| Cannot say | 0.81 (0.56, 1.16) | 0.92 (0.64, 1.34) | 0.89 (0.60, 1.32) | |
| Neighbourhood safety (child) | ||||
| Yes | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | |
| No | 0.72 (0.63, 0.82)*** | 0.81 (0.72, 0.92)** | 0.82 (0.73, 0.93)** | |
| Maternal age | 1.07 (1.06, 1.08)*** | 1.07 (1.06, 1.08)*** | ||
| Household income | ||||
| Highest quintile | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | ||
| 2nd highest | 1.11 (0.94, 1.31) | 1.12 (0.95, 1.32) | ||
| Middle quintile | 1.46 (1.25, 1.70)*** | 1.47 (1.26, 1.72)*** | ||
| 2nd lowest | 1.42 (1.19, 1.69)*** | 1.40 (1.17, 1.67)*** | ||
| Lowest quintile | 1.40 (1.14, 1.72)** | 1.54 (1.25, 1.89)*** | ||
| Household social class | ||||
| Manage and professional | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | ||
| Intermediate | 0.76 (0.63, 0.91)** | 0.77 (0.64, 0.92)** | ||
| Small and self‐employed | 0.93 (0.74, 1.17) | 0.90 (0.72, 1.13) | ||
| Low sup. and technical | 0.53 (0.41, 0.67)*** | 0.55 (0.43, 0.70)*** | ||
| Semiroutine and routine | 0.54 (0.44, 0.65)*** | 0.57 (0.47, 0.69)*** | ||
| Never worked | 0.79 (0.58, 1.09) | 0.69 (0.51, 0.94)* | ||
| Not classifiable | 0.89 (0.51, 1.54) | 0.87 (0.51, 1.49) | ||
| Maternal education | ||||
| NVQ levels 4 and 5 | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | ||
| NVQ level 3 | 0.63 (0.54, 0.74)*** | 0.67 (0.57, 0.78)*** | ||
| NVQ level 2 | 0.42 (0.36, 0.49)*** | 0.45 (0.39, 0.52)*** | ||
| NVQ level 1 | 0.27 (0.21, 0.35)*** | 0.30 (0.23, 0.39)*** | ||
| None | 0.33 (0.26, 0.43)*** | 0.33 (0.26, 0.42)*** | ||
| Overseas qualification | 0.95 (0.68, 1.32) | 0.73 (0.52, 1.02) | ||
| Maternal ethnicity | ||||
| White | 1 (Ref) | |||
| Mixed | 2.64 (1.77, 3.95)*** | |||
| Indian | 1.89 (1.32, 2.71)** | |||
| Pakistani and Bangladeshi | 2.51 (1.89, 3.33)*** | |||
| Black/Black British | 3.18 (2.48, 4.08)*** | |||
| Other ethnic group | 3.96 (2.78, 5.64)*** | |||
| Household structure | ||||
| Two parents | 1 (Ref) | |||
| Single parent | 0.69 (0.56, 0.84)*** | |||
| Maternal general health | ||||
| Excellent | 1 (Ref) | |||
| Good | 0.90 (0.81, 1.00) | |||
| Fair | 0.66 (0.55, 0.79)*** | |||
| Poor |
0.66 (0.47, 0.92)* |
|||
| Maternal longstanding illness | ||||
| No | 1 (Ref) | |||
| Yes | 1.01 (0.88, 1.17) | |||
| Residential mobility | ||||
| >5 years and over | 1 (Ref) | |||
| >1 up to 5 years | 1.03 (0.90, 1.17) | |||
| Up to 1 year | 1.03 (0.88, 1.22) |
*
p Value <.05,
**
p Value <.01,
***
p Value <.001.