Table 5.
Multivariate regression for consumption of commercially produced snack foods among children 6–23 monthsa
| Dakar (n = 218) | Dar es Salaam (n = 229) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted | Adjusted | Unadjusted | Adjusted | |||||
| p‐Value | OR (95% CI) | p‐Value | OR (95% CI) | p‐Value | OR (95% CI) | p‐Value | OR (95% CI) | |
| Attended university | 0.091 | 0.51 (0.23–1.11) | 0.037 | 0.28 (0.09–0.93) | –b | – | – | – |
| Attended secondary or higher | 0.358 | 0.78 (0.45–1.33) | – | – | 0.697 | 0.87 (0.43–1.77) | – | – |
| No formal education | 0.664 | 1.16 (0.59–2.30) | – | – | 0.696 | 0.82 (0.30–2.22) | – | – |
| Mother works | 0.468 | 0.83 (0.51–1.36) | – | – | 0.993 | 1.00 (0.48–2.11) | – | – |
| Mother works outside the home | 0.364 | 1.93 (0.47–8.02) | – | – | 0.506 | 0.59 (0.12–2.81) | – | – |
| Mother's age | 0.860 | 1.00 (0.95–1.04) | – | – | 0.016 | 0.92 (0.87–0.99) | 0.078 | 0.94 (0.87–1.01) |
| Parity | 0.272 | 1.10 (0.93–1.31) | – | – | 0.003 | 0.70 (0.55–0.89) | 0.370 | 0.88 (0.68–1.16) |
| Main caregiver of child | 0.614 | 1.23 (0.54–2.80) | – | – | 0.851 | 0.89 (0.28–2.86) | – | – |
| Low‐wealth tercile | 0.424 | 1.30 (0.69–2.45) | – | – | 0.675 | 1.17 (0.56–2.46) | – | – |
| Middle‐wealth tercile | 0.942 | 1.02 (0.57–1.82) | – | – | 0.467 | 1.27 (0.67–2.39) | – | – |
| High‐wealth tercile | 0.304 | 0.73 (0.40–1.33) | – | – | 0.238 | 0.64 (0.31–1.34) | – | – |
| Child's age | <0.001 | 1.26 (1.16–1.36) | <0.001 | 1.29 (1.19–1.39) | <0.001 | 1.13 (1.06–1.20) | <0.001 | 1.13 (1.06–1.21) |
| Exposure to snack promo | 0.280 | 1.76 (0.63–4.88) | – | – | 0.614 | 1.20 (0.59–2.43) | – | – |
| Consumption of BMS | 0.075 | 0.57 (0.31–1.06) | 0.009 | 0.34 (0.15–0.76) | 0.722 | 0.73 (0.13–4.19) | – | – |
| Consumption of CPCF | 0.001 | 3.02 (1.58–5.77) | <0.001 | 5.94 (2.44–14.49) | 0.585 | 0.54 (0.06–4.82) | – | – |
| Kathmandu (n = 228) | Phnom Penh (n = 222) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted | Adjusted | Unadjusted | Adjusted | |||||
| p‐Value | OR (95% CI) | p‐Value | OR (95% CI) | p‐Value | OR (95% CI) | p‐Value | OR (95% CI) | |
| Attended university | 0.114 | 0.57 (0.29–1.14) | – | – | 0.174 | 0.59 (0.28–1.26) | – | – |
| Attended secondary or higher | 0.076 | 0.51 (0.24–1.07) | – | – | 0.323 | 1.47 (0.69–3.13) | – | – |
| No formal education | 0.036 | 4.27 (1.10–16.60) | 0.094 | 3.60 (0.81–16.08) | 0.766 | 0.81 (0.20–3.25) | – | – |
| Mother works | 0.056 | 0.46 (0.20–1.02) | 0.064 | 0.41 (0.16–1.06) | 0.557 | 1.10 (0.80–1.51) | – | – |
| Mother works outside the home | 0.404 | 2.51 (0.29–21.72) | – | – | 0.780 | 1.12 (0.52–2.40) | – | – |
| Privileged societal group | 0.038 | 0.52 (0.28–0.96) | 0.196 | 0.65 (0.34–1.25) | – | – | – | – |
| Mother's age | 0.673 | 1.01 (0.95–1.09) | – | – | 0.715 | 1.01 (0.96–1.05) | – | – |
| Parity | 0.862 | 0.95 (0.51–1.76) | – | – | 0.305 | 1.15 (0.88–1.49) | – | – |
| Main caregiver of child | 0.761 | 1.24 (0.31–4.96) | – | – | 0.772 | 0.92 (0.53–1.60) | – | – |
| Low‐wealth tercile | 0.174 | 1.36 (0.87–2.12) | – | – | 0.035 | 1.45 (1.03–2.06) | 0.039 | 1.52 (1.02–2.27) |
| Middle‐wealth tercile | 0.614 | 1.10 (0.76–1.59) | – | – | 0.937 | 1.03 (0.50–2.12) | – | – |
| High‐wealth tercile | 0.054 | 0.68 (0.45–1.01) | 0.381 | 0.83 (0.54–1.27) | 0.399 | 0.74 (0.37–1.49) | – | – |
| Child's age | <0.001 | 1.15 (1.08–1.22) | <0.001 | 1.15 (1.08–1.22) | <0.001 | 1.11 (1.06–1.17) | <0.001 | 1.11 (1.06–1.17) |
| Exposure to snack promo | 0.084 | 0.40 (0.14–1.13) | 0.076 | 0.39 (0.14–1.10) | 0.777 | 1.23 (0.30–5.06) | – | – |
| Consumption of BMS | 0.171 | 0.47 (0.16–1.39) | – | – | 0.065 | 0.72 (0.51–1.02) | 0.273 | 0.81 (0.55–1.18) |
| Consumption of CPCF | 0.247 | 0.66 (0.33–1.33) | – | – | 0.697 | 0.81 (0.28–2.34) | – | – |
BMS = breastmilk substitutes; CPCF = commercially produced complementary foods.
a
Adjusted models included variables significant at p < .10 in bivariate analyses.
b
Sample of mothers who had attended university in Dar es Salaam (n = 5) was too small for analyses.