Table 1.

Fault description of the TEP simulation [45].

Fault Number	Description	Type
1	$A/C$ feed ratio, B composition constant (Stream 4)	Step
2	B composition, $A/C$ ratio constant (Stream 4)	Step
3	D feed temperature (Stream 2)	Step
4	Reactor cooling water inlet temperature	Step
5	Condenser cooling water inlet temperature	Step
6	A feed loss (Stream 1)	Step
7	C header pressure loss-reduced availablity (Stream 4)	Step
8	A, B, C feed composition (Stream 4)	Random variation
9	D feed temperature (Stream 2)	Random variation
10	C feed temperature (Stream 4)	Random variation
11	Reactor cooling water inlet temperature	Random variation
12	Condenser cooling water inlet temperature	Random variation
13	Reaction kinetics	Slow drift
14	Reactor cooling water valve	Sticking
15	Condenser cooling water valve	Sticking
16	Unknown	Unknown
17	Unknown	Unknown
18	Unknown	Unknown
19	Unknown	Unknown
20	Unknown	Unknown