Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants of an agriculture–nutrition intervention in rural Ghana, by treatment groupa
| Characteristic |
Intervention n = 287a |
Control n = 213a |
P valueb |
|---|---|---|---|
| Child | |||
| Age, months | 10.52 ± 5.17 | 10.43 ± 5.07 | 0.85 |
| Length‐for‐age, z‐score | −0.88 ± 1.27 | −0.78 ± 1.30 | 0.39 |
| Weight‐for‐age, z‐score | −0.78 ± 1.12 | −0.68 ± 1.27 | 0.34 |
| Weight‐for‐length, z‐score | −0.37 ± 1.08 | −0.31 ± 1.24 | 0.61 |
| Female | 143 (49.8) | 97 (45.5) | 0.34 |
| Consumed eggs in previous 24 hrc | 56 (25.3) | 35 (21.5) | 0.38 |
| Minimal diverse dietd | 67 (30.9) | 54 (33.8) | 0.55 |
| Maternal | |||
| Marital status | 0.94 | ||
| Not married/cohabitation | 48 (21.8) | 46 (22.1) | |
| Married/cohabiting | 172 (78.2) | 162 (77.9) | |
| Education level completed | 0.17 | ||
| None | 54 (24.5) | 40 (19.2) | |
| Primary | 100 (45.5) | 89 (42.8) | |
| Secondary or higher | 66 (30.0) | 79 (38.0) | |
| Ethnicitye | 0.80 | ||
| Krobo | 217 (76.4) | 161 (77.4) | |
| Others | 67 (23.6) | 47 (22.6) | |
| Household | |||
| Wealth tertilef | 0.93 | ||
| Low | 92 (33.0) | 70 (33.8) | |
| Middle | 95 (34.0) | 67 (32.4) | |
| High | 92 (33.0) | 70 (33.8) | |
| Food securityg | 0.87 | ||
| Food secure | 123 (43.3) | 95 (45.2) | |
| Mild food insecurity | 79 (27.8) | 54 (25.7) | |
| Moderate food insecurity | 48 (16.9) | 39 (18.6) | |
| Severe food insecurity | 34 (12.0) | 22 (10.5) | |
| Raised poultry in past 12 months | 140 (48.8) | 114 (53.5) | 0.29 |
Note. Data shown are mean ± standard deviation or n (%).
Total n = 428–500 for all but “egg consumed” and “minimal diverse diet” (intervention n = 220–287; control n = 207–213). Includes all participants with baseline data for these variables.
Independent Student's t test for continuous variables and Pearson's goodness‐of‐fit chi‐square test for categorical variables.
Includes only children ≥6 months (n = 384).
Minimal diet diversity: includes only children ≥6 months (n = 377); ≥4 of the following food groups: grains, roots, and tubers; legumes and nuts; dairy products; flesh foods; eggs; vitamin A‐rich fruits and vegetables; and other fruits and vegetables (World Health Organization, 2008).
Krobo: the local ethnic group; others: Akan, Ewe, Ga, among others.
Wealth: tertiles for the first component of a principal components analysis using 13 household assets: floor material, wall material, cooking fuel, electricity, and ownership of a telephone, radio, television, video player, DVD/CD player, refrigerator, sewing machine, motorcycle, and car.
Food security: classification based on the 15‐item Food Insecurity Experience Scale (Food and Agriculture Organization, 2012).