Table 1.
Brain activation and corresponding heritability of the fist‐edge‐palm task and the palm‐tapping task
| Region (L/R) | VS (T) | Peak coord. | Optimalmodel | p a | p b | h 2 (95% CI) | c 2 (95% CI) | e 2 (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PT | ||||||||
| Precentral gyrus (L) | 298(11.33) | [−48,0,3] | AE | .148 | .592 | 0.24 (0,0.53) | \ | 0.76 (0.47,1) |
| Postcentral gyrus (L) | 2555(26.34) | [−27,−27,57] | AE | <.001** | <.001** | 0.75 (0.57,0.86) | \ | 0.25 (0.14,0.43) |
| Insula (L) | 2555(18.23)a | [−45,−27,21] | AE | .008** | .032 * | 0.42 (0.12,0.64) | \ | 0.58 (0.36,0.88) |
| Supplementary motor area (L) | 2555(17.56)a | [−6,−18,51] | AE | .063 | .252 | 0.32 (0,0.59) | \ | 0.68 (0.41,1) |
| Cerebellar cuneus (R) | 739(7.69)a | [18,−99,3] | E | \ | \ | \ | \ | 1(1,1) |
| Inferior temporal gyrus (R) | 739(19.83) | [48,−66,0] | E | \ | \ | \ | \ | 1(1,1) |
| Insula (R) | 545(13.25) | [57,−27,21] | E | \ | \ | \ | \ | 1(1,1) |
| Cerebellar lingual (R) | 444(18.54) | [9,−51,−15] | E | \ | \ | \ | \ | 1(1,1) |
| Inferior frontal gyrus (R) | 436(8.02)a | [63,9,21] | E | \ | \ | \ | \ | 1(1,1) |
| Precentral gyrus (R) | 436(10.18) | [54,3,45] | E | \ | \ | \ | \ | 1(1,1) |
| Inferior frontal gyrus (L) | 298(7.81)a | [−39,24,−15] | E | \ | \ | \ | \ | 1(1,1) |
| Middle temporal gyrus (L) | 281(15.49) | [−48,−66,6] | E | \ | \ | \ | \ | 1 (1,1) |
| FEP | ||||||||
| Supplementary motor area (L) | 2600(19.74)b | [−6,−3,57] | AE | .003** | .015 * | 0.5 (0.19,0.72) | \ | 0.5 (0.28,0.81) |
| Postcentral gyrus (L) | 2600(29.72) | [−36,−24,54] | CE | <.001** | <.001** | \ | 0.64 (0.45,0.77) | 0.36 (0.23,0.55) |
| Middle temporal gyrus (R) | 1236(19.53) | [51,−66,0] | CE | <.001** | <.001** | \ | 0.46 (0.23,0.65) | 0.54 (0.35,0.77) |
| Cerebellar culmen (R) | 1236(19.32)a | [6,−60,−21] | CE | .149 | .745 | \ | 0.2 (0,0.44) | 0.8 (0.56,1) |
| Middle temporal gyrus (L) | 190(13.3) | [−48,−66,3] | CE | .017 * | .085 | \ | 0.32 (0.06,0.54) | 0.68 (0.46,0.94) |
| Inferior parietal lobule (R) | 153(9.58) | [39,−39,51] | E | \ | \ | \ | \ | 1 (1,1) |
| Precentral gyrus (L) | 151(11.71) | [57,6,42] | E | \ | \ | \ | \ | 1 (1,1) |
| Precentral gyrus (R) | 151(9.3)a | [60,9,30] | E | \ | \ | \ | \ | 1 (1,1) |
| Insula (R) | 127(8.66) | [57,−27,21] | E | \ | \ | \ | \ | 1 (1,1) |
| FEP vs PT | ||||||||
| Postcentral gyrus (L) | 1160(15.57) | [−39,−21,57] | AE | .055† | .11 | 0.31 (0,0.57) | \ | 0.69 (0.43,1) |
| Precentral gyrus (L) | 1160(13.47)a | [−27,−12,63] | AE | .135 | .27 | 0.25 (0,0.54) | \ | 0.75 (0.46,1) |
| Superior parietal lobule (L) | 1160(10.44)a | [−30,−54,63] | E | \ | \ | \ | \ | 1 (1,1) |
| Precentral gyrus (R) | 194(11.76) | [33,−12,66] | E | \ | \ | \ | \ | 1 (1,1) |
| Cerebellar culmen (R) | 103(9.29) | [21,−51,−24] | E | \ | \ | \ | \ | 1(1,1) |
Note. Abbreviations: Coord. = Coordinate; c 2 = common environment effect; e 2 = random environment effect; CI = confidence interval; FEP = fist‐edge‐palm; PT = palm‐tapping; a, part of cluster above; R = right; L = left; h 2 = heritability/additive genetic effect; VS(T) = voxel size (T value).
a
Uncorrected p.
b
Bonferroni adjusted‐p.
*p < .05; **p < .01; the p value listed here indicated the deterioration after abandoning the factor A. Statistical threshold of whole brain activation was set as p < .0001 with familiar‐wise‐error (FWE) correction at voxel level, cluster size > 100.