Table 2.

Group differences in the degree of local and distant connectivity

	Cluster size (mm3)	x (mm)	y (mm)	z (mm)	TFCE	p‐value
Local Connectivity
ADHD > ND
Right superior frontal gyrus	139,136	4	54	31	255.26	.001a
Left superior frontal gyrus/right superior frontal gyrus		0	53	24	249.98	.001a
Left superior frontal gyrus		−8	50	40	249.08	.001a
Right occipital pole/right calcarine cortex	25,856	20	−92	5	216.56	.002
Right calcarine cortex		8	−92	6	209.21	.002
Left calcarine cortex		−8	−97	−6	199.45	.002
Right middle frontal gyrus/right opercular part of the inferior frontal gyrus	9,152	36	9	26	201.60	.002
Right middle frontal gyrus/right precentral gyrus		56	18	34	173.58	.004
Right middle frontal gyrus		44	18	42	156.08	.005
Left medial orbital gyrus/left anterior cingulate gyrus	10,816	−12	30	−15	142.33	.007
Left medial frontal cortex		−4	30	−19	136.70	.008
Left medial orbital gyrus		−24	34	−15	135.82	.008
Right middle temporal gyrus	6,848	48	−37	2	138.80	.008
Right inferior temporal gyrus		64	−38	−22	96.54	.024
Right inferior temporal gyrus		56	−30	−23	92.95	.025
Right parietal operculum/right transverse temporal gyrus	8,384	36	−27	17	136.93	.008
Right planum polare		48	3	−5	130.99	.010
Right planum temporale/right transverse temporal gyrus		52	−9	0	90.79	.027
Left anterior insula	2,112	−32	24	2	113.34	.015
Left frontal operculum		−40	16	2	100.80	.021
Right parahippocampal gyrus	448	16	−10	−24	100.29	.021
Right parahippocampal gyrus		20	−7	−33	72.27	.045
Left entorhinal area	3,776	−28	1	−37	98.54	.022
Left entorhinal area		−32	−3	−29	94.87	.025
Left entorhinal area		−20	−3	−29	82.41	.035
Left temporale pole	832	−52	9	−37	87.34	.030
Left temporale pole		−44	16	−42	76.19	.041
Right lingual gyrus/right precuneus	1,856	4	−56	7	86.80	.030
Right lingual gyrus/right cerebellum		20	−41	−10	74.68	.043
Right lingual gyrus/right posterior cingulate gyrus		16	−49	−2	73.18	.045
Left caudate	1,216	−8	16	6	80.10	.036
Left caudate		−16	12	10	78.44	.038
Left caudate		−16	1	19	73.45	.045
Left thalamus proper	1,280	−8	−17	0	78.23	.038
Left thalamus proper/left caudate		−16	−12	16	77.10	.040
Left thalamus proper		−20	−21	1	74.36	.043
Left angular gryrus	768	−44	−66	44	76.87	.040
Left middle temporal gyrus	512	−64	2	−21	75.31	.042
Left middle temporal gyrus		−56	1	−29	71.67	.046
ND > ADHD
Right posterior cingulate gyrus/right precuneus	512	20	−44	10	169.34	.005
Right middle occipital gyrus/right inferior occipital gyrus	4,160	44	−72	12	167.04	.005
Right middle occipital gyrus		44	−80	17	166.61	.005
Right middle occipital gyrus		36	−75	20	149.88	.007
Right precuneus/right superior parietal lobule	15,808	4	−48	75	163.59	.005
Right posterior cingulate gyrus		8	−38	38	160.77	.005
Right superior parietal lobe		−8	−52	67	148.91	.007
Left inferior temporal gyrus	320	−52	−19	−31	94.26	.026
Distant Connectivity
ADHD > ND
None
ND > ADHD
Right posterior cingulate gyrus	896	20	−44	6	168.84	.006
Right fusiform gyrus/right inferior temporal gyrus	2,048	44	−26	−19	141.92	.012
Right hippocampus		32	−22	−16	118.06	.020
Right hippocampus		28	−14	−16	105.83	.026
Right superior frontal gyrus	192	24	20	62	119.50	.019
Right hippocampus	384	32	−33	−3	98.20	.031
Right hippocampus/right lingual gyrus		28	−41	−2	95.78	.033
Right cerebellum	448	16	−67	−36	92.27	.036
Right cerebellum		24	−68	−40	85.30	.043
Left cerebellum	384	−28	−64	−40	89.99	.038

Coordinates are based on MNI152 stereotactic space. Results reported in the table correspond to those clusters above 192 mm³ (three contiguous voxels).

Abbreviations: ADHD = children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder; ND = neurotypically developing children. TFCE = threshold‐free cluster enhancement; FWE = family‐wise error.

^aSignificant at p < .05 TFCE–FWE level.