Table 2.
Associations between healthy lifestyle score and risk of breast cancer among women from the Women’s Health Initiative Study, 1993–2016
| Quintiles | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≤9 | 10–11 | 12–13 | 14–15 | ≥16 | |||||||||
| No. of cases | HR (95% Cl) | No. of cases | HR (95% Cl) | No. of cases | HR (95% Cl) | No. of cases | HR (95% Cl) | No. of cases | HR (95% Cl) | Ptrend | Phetero-geneitv | Continuous (per unit Increase In score) | |
| All breast cancer cases | 1,825 | 1.00 | 1,662 | 0.93 (0.87–1.00) | 1,761 | 0.85 (0.80–0.91) | 1,746 | 0.75 (0.70–0.81) | 1,369 | 0.70 (0.64–0.76) | <0.01 | 0.96 (0.95–0.97) | |
| Receptor status | |||||||||||||
| ER+/PR+ | 1,233 | 1.00 | 1,085 | 0.89 (0.82–0.97) | 1,167 | 0.82 (0.76–0.89) | 896 | 0.72 (0.65–0.78) | 659 | 0.63 (0.57–0.69) | <0.01 | 0.95 (0.94–0.96) | |
| ER+/PR− | 205 | 1.00 | 213 | 1.05 (0.87–1.28) | 204 | 0.87 (0.71–1.06) | 197 | 0.95 (0.78–1.16) | 159 | 0.92 (0.74–1.14) | 0.26 | 0.99 (0.97–1.01) | |
| ER−/PR− | 212 | 1.00 | 202 | 1.03 (0.85–1.25) | 222 | 1.02 (0.84–1.24) | 159 | 0.85 (0.69–1.05) | 133 | 0.86 (0.69–1.09) | 0.09 | 0.40 | 0.98 (0.96–1.01) |
| HER2 | |||||||||||||
| Positive | 191 | 1.00 | 176 | 0.95 (0.78–1.17) | 166 | 0.78 (0.63–0.96) | 141 | 0.75 (0.60–0.94) | 112 | 0.70 (0.55–0.90) | <0.01 | 0.95 (0.93–0.98) | |
| Negative | 1,197 | 1.00 | 1,081 | 0.92 (0.85–1.00) | 1,162 | 0.86 (0.79–0.93) | 895 | 0.75 (0.69–0.82) | 665 | 0.67 (0.60–0.73) | <0.01 | 0.47 | 0.96 (0.95–0.97) |
| Triple negative | 125 | 1.00 | 118 | 1.02 (0.79–1.32) | 139 | 1.08 (0.85–1.39) | 93 | 0.85 (0.64–1.12) | 71 | 0.78 (0.58–1.07) | 0.07 | 0.96 (0.95–1.00) | |
| Positive lymph node | |||||||||||||
| Yes | 629 | 1.00 | 563 | 0.92 (0.82–1.03) | 555 | 0.79 (0.71–0.89) | 444 | 0.73 (0.64–0.82) | 368 | 0.73 (0.64–0.83) | <0.01 | 0.96 (0.95–0.98) | |
| No | 1,172 | 1.00 | 1,083 | 0.94 (0.87–1.02) | 1,174 | 0.88 (0.81–0.96) | 913 | 0.77 (0.71–0.85) | 690 | 0.70 (0.63–0.77) | <0.01 | 0.29 | 0.96 (0.95–0.97) |
| Grade | |||||||||||||
| Well-differentiated | 443 | 1.00 | 418 | 0.94 (0.82–1.07) | 490 | 0.93 (0.82–1.07) | 377 | 0.80 (0.70–0.92) | 272 | 0.68 (0.58–0.80) | <0.01 | 0.95 (0.95–0.98) | |
| Moderately differentiated | 731 | 1.00 | 706 | 0.98 (0.88–1.09) | 707 | 0.85 (0.76–0.94) | 556 | 0.76 (0.67–0.85) | 470 | 0.76 (0.67–0.86) | <0.01 | 0.97 (0.95–0.98) | |
| Poorly differentiated | 433 | 1.00 | 367 | 0.90 (0.78–1.03) | 382 | 0.83 (0.72–0.95) | 300 | 0.75 (0.64–0.87) | 208 | 0.63 (0.53–0.75) | <0.01 | 0.29 | 0.96 (0.94–0.97) |
| Stage | |||||||||||||
| Local | 1,305 | 1.00 | 1,215 | 0.94 (0.87–1.02) | 1,302 | 0.87 (0.80–0.94) | 1,040 | 0.79 (0.72–0.85) | 790 | 0.71 (0.65–0.78) | <0.01 | 0.97 (0.96–0.97) | |
| Regional/distant metastatic | 471 | 1.00 | 420 | 0.94 (0.82–1.07) | 412 | 0.81 (0.71–0.93) | 302 | 0.68 (0.59–0.79) | 252 | 0.69 (0.59–0.81) | <0.01 | 0.69 | 0.96 (0.94–0.97) |
NOTE: Adjusted for age at entry, education, nonalcohol energy intake, ethnicity, age at menarche, parity, breastfeed, history of mammograms, HT status, oral contraceptive use, age at menopause, family history, and history of BBD.