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. 2019 Oct 31;14(12):1685147. doi: 10.1080/15592324.2019.1685147

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© 2019 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, and is not altered, transformed, or built upon in any way.

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E U E = \frac{Q_{a}}{Q_{c} + Q_{a}} = \frac{Q_{a}}{Q_{t o t}}

(3)