Table 1.
Demographics and clinical variables
| Healthy Controls | PD‐NC; Mean (SD) | PD‐MCI; Mean (SD) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of participants | N = 30 | N = 62 | N = 37 | Significance, P‐value |
| Age | 64.05 (7.92) | 62.77 (10.83) | 70.40 (9.13) | F(2,126) = 7.39, P = 0.001a |
| Male/Female | 17/13 | 37/25 | 28/9 | Χ 2 = 3.36, P = 0.186 |
| Education (years) | 14.13 (3.65) | 14.32 (3.9) | 10.97 (3.24) | P < 0.001b |
| NART | 118.6(6.96) | 117.47(9.6), N = 61 | 112.52(9.5), N = 36 | P = 0.008b |
| Disease duration (months). | NA | 6.43 (4.76) | 5.81 (4.51) | P = 0.458c |
| LEDD | NA | 147.06 (112.0) | 201.59 (155.8) | t 97 = 2.01, P = 0.046 |
| MDS‐UPDRS III | NA | 24.59 (10.39) | 28.86 (10.97) | t 97 = 1.93, P = 0.056 |
| MMSE | 29.36 (0.88) | 29.01 (0.93) | 28.18 (1.48) | t 97 = 3.4, P = 0.001 |
| MoCA | 28.2 (1.78), N = 29 | 26.92 (2.30), N = 53 | 22.97 (3.64), N = 34 | t 85 = 6.2, P < 0.001 |
| Power of Attention | 1217.46 (101.175) | 1289.36 (126.98), N = 61 | 1400.65 (172.04) | t 96 = 3.6, P < 0.001 |
| Digit Vigilance Accuracy | 98.0 (2.5) | 97.59 (3.91), N = 61 | 83.9 (17.27) | P < 0.001c |
| PRM | 21.89 (1.61), N = 29 | 21.15 (2.2), N = 58 | 18.02 (2.8), N = 36 | P < 0.001c |
| SRM | 17.27 (1.22), N = 29 | 16.08 (1.7) N = 58 | 14.11 (2.5), N = 36 | P < 0.001c |
| Tower of London | 17.44 (1.76), N = 29 | 15.68 (2.25), N = 58 | 12.88 (4.1), N = 36 | P < 0.001c |
| Animal naming | NA | 23.9 (5.58), N = 60 | 17.57 (6.6), N = 35 | t 93 = 4.97, P = <0.001 |
| Language total score | NA | 24.45 (7.29), N = 50 | 19.29 (6.6), N = 32 | t 80 = 3.24, P = 0.002 |
| PAL | NA | 1.70 (0.43), N = 58 | 2.42 (0.83), N = 35 | P < 0.001c |
NART, national adult reading test; LEDD, Levodopa equivalent daily dose; MDS‐UPDRS III, Movement Disorder Society – unified Parkinson's disease rating scale part III; MMSE, mini‐mental state examination; MoCA, Montreal cognitive assessment; NA, not available; PRM, pattern recognition memory; SRM, spatial recognition memory; PAL, paired associates learning; SD, standard deviation.
a
ANOVA: healthy controls, PD‐NC, and PD‐MCI.
Χ 2 test Healthy controls, PD‐NC, and PD‐MCI.
b
Kruskal–Wallis test, Healthy controls, PD‐NC, PD‐MCI; Post‐hoc Mann–Whitney U: Age, PD‐NC < PD‐MCI P‐value <0.001; NART, PD‐NC > PD‐MCI P‐value = 0.005.
c
Mann–Whitney U test; PD‐NC and PD‐MCI.
Student t‐tests: PD‐NC and PD‐MCI.